Political Geography. a. With redistricting now beginning in many states, the need for Congress to pass reform legislation is more urgent than ever. Examples: Sub-Saharan Africa, Iraq, Honduras, ~Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. and LMI and majority-minority areas. Would you consider purchasing a different type of life insurance policy? Key points. He is also a state senator who represents a majority-Black district that stretches across the northeastern edge of his economically battered and resilient hometown. AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet Choose one of the following three options to assist in the process of learning the vocabulary: 1. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. \text{Balance on February 1} & \text{$\$ 6,800$} & \text{ }\\ But if you split the district through the black population, now you could have two districts with a majority of white conservative voters and minority black liberal voters. It would require the creation of, for instance, a 50 percent and a 10 percent black district, rather than two 30 percent black districts. "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland." Ballotpedia features 408,486 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. Majority-Minority districts assure descriptive representation. forces that tend to unify a country- such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared idealogical objectives, and a common faith. Click the card to flip 1 / 19 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by annmarie317 Lecture 15 - 125V Segura Terms in this set (19) Many states were sprawling, diverse empires, such as the Ottoman Empire in the . Administrate: determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the border, ~Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. Types of random variables. AP Human Geography - Political Chapter 8 Quiz - Quizizz Which describe discrete random variables? Information about the partisan affiliation of each district's representative is as of 2015. Movement. With a share of 56 per cent for the top 10 per . Example: Italy (San Marino, Vatican City), South Africa (Lesotho). *Had to make sure that their districts and forms of representation passed Gingles and other cases (Evaluate their own representation schemes, as if they For each of the following goods, determine whether you would expect an excise tax to result in high or low deadweight loss. But thats a hard sell to some lawmakers and advocates pushing to put more people of color in statehouses and Congress. ~Nourishment=Territory, ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. Jonathan Cervas, one of the experts who redrew the Virginia districts in 2019, said the aim was to rectify what a court had found was discrimination against Black voters. Mackinder noted Eurasia, the largest most populous landmass on earth had a pivot point at its center. \text{ } & \text{326} & \text{2$/ 28$} & \text{700}\\ We'll need to get creative, since it's in the minority. Regions. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. (1500's-1700's) The right of a state to defend sovereign territory against invasion from other states. The term is derived from the name of Gov. What are the electoral effects of majority-minority districts? Ethnic Separatism: Definition & Examples | StudySmarter What does Majority-Minority Politics Look Like. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. Predictably, the party in power - Democrat or Republican - seeks to draw those districts to favor its candidates. Ap human geography ch 8 Flashcards | Quizlet What Is Redistricting? Definition and Examples Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian . The drawing of majority-minority districts not only elected more minorities, it also had the effect of bleeding minority voters out of all the surrounding districts. AP Human Geography De Blij Chap. 8 Flashcards - Cram.com majority-minority districts essay question, Formal and Informal Powers of the Presidency, Week One: (Civic Ignorance, Naive Realism, ML, Vote Dilution in Single-Member Districts - Le, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. In Nevada, Latino and other activist groups opposed maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature because the plan spread Latinos broadly around the states congressional and legislative districts to increase the odds of Democratic victories. Has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. Redistricting is carried out every 10 years based on the population totals reported by the US Census. having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Geometric boundary A geometric boundary, or geometric border, is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through. NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. Policy Research Human/environmental interactions. 2536+5146. the different types of boundaries including natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, and geometric; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), boundaries placed on recognizable physiologic features, boundaries that coincide with differences in ethnicity, political boundaries that are defined and delimited as a straight line or arc, an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries, a sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland, attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, the assignment of a commercial value to something previously valueless, a group of states united for a common purpose, the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory, the transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the state's territory, if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling into communism, established by the UNCLS, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it, the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions, a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a country, a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country, an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among members, an internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government, a capital city deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone, a zone where no state exercises has complete political control, the branch of political geography treating national power, foreign policy, and international relations as influences by geographic considerations of location space, resources, and demography, to re-draw voting district boundaries in such a way as to give one political party maximum electoral advantage and to reduce that of another party, to fragment voting blocks, or to achieve other non-democratic objectives, a place which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life, a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants, group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other, the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the soviet bloc and Western Europe from 1945-1990, the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside its former borders belonging to it historically and culturally, the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine, a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea, a code of the maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters expanding 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 mile wide EEZ, in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race, involves drawing a line equidistant from the closest mainland points of each of two adjacent countries, an imprecise term for a state or territory small in both population and area, a country without two or more nationalities within its borders, a nation that transcends the borders of two or more states, (North America Free Trade Agreement) an agreement for free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a special territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, beliefs, and customs, the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images, a state whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity, a territory of northern Canada including part of the mainland west of the Hudson Bay and north of latitude 60 degrees north, islands in the Hudson Bay, and most of the Arctic Archipelago, a country's larges city most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well, process by which representation districts are switched according to population shifts so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, a feeling of collective identity based on a population's political territorial identification within a state or across state boundaries, a country which is formally independent, but which is primarily subject to the domination of another, larger power, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference, a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries, when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political economic entity, disagreement between states over the control of surface area, refers to the shape of a territory; has five types: compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, and perforated; (WITH THE NEXT FIVE CARDS), distance from geometric center is similar, long and narrow in shape which makes it difficult to govern, have an area that extends from a more compact core, an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered partially or wholly an exclusive domain; the behavior associated with the defense of home territory, a part kept open for foreign trade according to the terms of a treaty, a state in which the central government dictates the degree of local or regional autonomy and the nature of local governmental units; a country with few cultural conflicts and with a strong sense of national identity, granting women a statuary right or privilege, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 3 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 2 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 1 Vocab, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. ~Britain Proponents of majority-minority districts argue that these districts are a necessary hindrance to the practice of cracking, which occurs when a constituency is divided between several districts in order to prevent it from achieving a majority in any one district. A state that requires a key to get into. b. The effect was to pack Democrats into just a few districts and leave other parts of the state more safely Republican. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy. The movement of power from the central government to regional (local) governments within the state. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. Rising Black politicians like Rep. Antonio Delgado and Rep. Joe Neguse represent heavily white areas in New Yorks Hudson River Valley and Boulder, Colorado respectively. The chart below shows partisan bias in the South, from 1992 through 2000, using the efficiency gap: The same trend can be seen in the congressional maps of non-Southern states with majority-minority districts (again, using the efficiency gap). 2. All rights reserved. A subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implications of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the Earth's surface. Race is collected through the decennial United States census . AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board \text{ } & \text{2$/ 11$} & \text{$2,300$}\\ A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. Bi-polar (Cold War era 1945-1990) So what should a new Republican politics for a majority-minority nation look like? 253_{6} \\ b. Legal systems based on traditional Islamic laws. Every district is represented by Democrats. Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about Unit 3 APHG The following summary is from AMSCO AP Human Geography: Today's political map consists mostly of independent states in which all territory is connected, and most people share a language and other cultural traits. majority minority districts definition ap human geography gemini and scorpio parents gabi wilson net worth 2021 . i. Academy Bank charged service fees of $125 to Oscar's for the month. The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States as of 2013. Unit 4 Summary. The Atlantic: Is It Time to Rethink Hyper-Minority Districts? In some instances, majority-minority districts may result from affirmative racial gerrymandering. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. Example: US has territorial representation. Human-kind defines political regions by establishing political . Redistricting is the process by which the boundaries of US congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates? 3. According to Jane Mansbridge, descriptive representation is necessary to improve the likelihood of substantive representation: representatives of different backgrounds are better able to substantially represent minorities.( representatives from different backgrounds are better able to bring minority perspective to policy-making and more likely to share policy-preferences with minority constituents.). Let's look at a voting districts definition. 5. AP GOV CONGRESS | CourseNotes The "majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable itusually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate." The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide for 2023 | Albert Resources Jamie Roe, a GOP consultant tracking the redistricting process, noted Michigan has had two majority-Black congressional districts since at least the 1960s whether drawn by legislators or courts. A law enacted in 1967 requires that only one U.S. representative be elected from each congressional district. par | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses | Avr 28, 2023 | mirage scythe combos ps4 | dillard's formal dresses Commissioners argue that there is evidence that Black candidates can still win elections. In political geography, a country's or more local community's sense of propertyand attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended. Political Geography. Gerrymandering & Elections [AP Human Geography Unit 4 Topic 6] (4.6) Examples: North Korea + South Korea. Its job is to redraw the lines of legislative seats to promote more partisan competition in a state where Republicans have dominated the Legislature for decades. Peace negociated in 1648 to end the 30 years war. That critical mass of Black voters, Hollier argues, ensures he has a chance to be elected and give voice to people who have long been ignored by the political system. \text{Balance on February 28} & \underline{\underline{\$8,100}} & \text{ }\\ Packed districts in which a majority of the population is from the minority. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. Population data are from 2021 Census American Community Survey and 2020 Census population estimates. Kim Soffen, writing for The Washington Post in June 2016, summarized this argument as follows:[17], Critics argue that, because minority groups tend to vote Democratic, majority-minority districts ultimately present an unfair advantage to Republicans by consolidating Democratic votes into a smaller number of districts. He's taught courses in World History, Political Science, Geography, and Public Speaking. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. Voting Districts: Definition & Examples | StudySmarter State of Inclusive Growth in India: Some Perspectives An investment balance of$378,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. Others would rather use the standard of an "effective majority" which means that the group does not have to meet a specific percentage size, but it does have to be large enough so that it is reasonable to assume that it accounts for outcomes and circumstances (meaning that it is large enough so that it can produce outcomes and stuff). Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Redistricting Explained: Your Questions Answered - The New York Times Name three ways European countries use nationalism throughout the 19th century to achieve various goals. Assume that you are testing the hypotheses H0:=80\mathrm{H}_0: \mu=80H0:=80 vs. HA:80\mathrm{H}_{\mathrm{A}}: \mu \neq 80HA:=80. Tech: Matt Latourelle Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. ~Influenced by the writings of Charles Darwin. Place. But the stakes are clear: Black, Latino and Asian Americans are underrepresented in state legislatures. Redistricting - Ballotpedia Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act mandates that no "standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards | Quizlet European colonialism in Africa (1800's-1900's), 1. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. 2. AP Human Geography Unit 4 Flashcards | Quizlet Ethnic nationalism is the result of an ethnic group making tangible efforts to assert its importance and rights. In 2021, there were 138 majority-minority districts in the United States House of Representatives in 27 states. And a lot of the seats Democrats hold are majority-minority seats, which are of course safe. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. 6. Black legislators make up less than 10% of state legislators in the U.S., although 14.2% of the population is Black, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. The differences between federal and a unitary government is that a federal government has multiple levels of hierarchy where both the state and central gover. ), Attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory. The world economy has one market and a global division of labor. a. In AP Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. See the table below for further details.[15]. World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. 1. d. An investment balance of$358,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. The risks in balancing the racial composition of districts were illustrated in this months Virginia elections. forces that tend to divide a country- such as internal religious, inguistic, ethnic, or ideologiacal differences. Its just the reality. Government based on the principal that the people are the ultimate sovereign and have the final say over what happens within the state. Left: Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. Key terms Cases to know Brown v. The European Union-Currency (economic) This was the most recent data available as of September 2022. As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country. For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. Click "[show]" on the table below to see the complete data set. The attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people, phenomena, and relationships, by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area. answer choices It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. A federal state gives local political units like states or provinces within that country a measure of power. Why did legislatures actively begin to try to create Majority-Minority districts? Districted systems can enhance minority power only if the minority is concentrated and fortunate to be in a single district. Prepare the necessary year-end adjusting entry related to these securities. In 1991, a group of white voters in North Carolina challenged the state's new congressional district map, which had two "majority-minority" districts. All Rights Reserved. Free AP Human Geography Flashcards about Chapter 8: Vocab Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. Its got nothing to do with me. ", "The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive. AP Human Geography 320 resources . Demarcate: make a physical boundary on the land Gerrymandering | Definition, Litigation, & Facts | Britannica Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. AP human geography chapter 8 multiple choice. DateAmountDeposits:2/4$2,7002/112,3002/183,2002/254,100Cashreceipts:1,600$13,900BalanceonFebruary1$6,800Receipts13,900Disbursements(12,600)BalanceonFebruary28$8,100No.DateAmountChecks3212/2$4,7003222/84003232/122,5003242/192,2003252/272003262/287003272/281,900$12,600\begin{matrix} It is advancing maps that would cut the number of majority-Black districts from two to zero in Congress and from roughly a dozen to as few as three in the Legislature, pending final votes. The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy. Note: Data about majority-minority districts is based on information compiled from the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey estimates. Inc. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. Private colleges and universities report net assets with donor restrictions. The acqusiion of gold and silver and the maintenance of a favorable trade balance were central to to policy. This began the process of imperializing Africa. Deposits:Cashreceipts:BalanceonFebruary1ReceiptsDisbursementsBalanceonFebruary28Date2/42/112/182/25$6,80013,900(12,600)$8,100Amount$2,7002,3003,2004,1001,600$13,900ChecksNo.321322323324325326327Date2/22/82/122/192/272/282/28Amount$4,7004002,5002,2002007001,900$12,600.
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