A-73. To identify additional control requirements. Search and attack operations are conducted by smaller, light maneuver units and air cavalry or air assault units in large areas. Defensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: Where does the enemy want to go? Leaders understand their immediate headquarters concept of the operation. A-66. Enemy coa statement and sketch the purpose of this - Course Hero What is the location of current and probable enemy positions? Coordinating instructions to enhance execution and unity of effort, and to ease confusion between subordinate elements. ", A-33. Understanding of time and space relationships of events, leading to thorough contingency plans. Cover and Concealment This is a demo of how to draw a COA Sketch as part of COADEV (Course of Action Development) for use briefing your Operations Order (OPORD) for MS200. The leader goes past observing to application. From the modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) developed by higher headquarters, leaders already appreciate the general nature of the ground and effects of weather. A-115. The following requirements follow the Figure 9-5 sample from FM 6-0. These tasks must be accomplished to achieve the subordinate units purpose. Some additional visibility considerations include: Read the following vignette to learn more about the visibility aspect of weather. IPB. The sequence can vary. Documents Required for Senior Personnel - Funding at NSF | NSF Engineer forces might be needed to improve mobility or platoon and squads might have to deviate from doctrinal tactics. PPTX Slide 1 This time we were lucky, we arrived without having to use the emergency GPS approach. Once he briefs the enemy analysis to his subordinates, he must ensure they understand differences between what he knows, what he suspects, and what he just templates (estimates). Risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards allowing a leader to implement measures to control hazards. The purpose of COA development is to determine one or more ways to accomplish the mission consistent with the immediate higher commander's intent. Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. Where can I destroy the enemy? COA Statement and Sketch - LegitWriting It also gives subordinates the maximum latitude for initiative. A COA should be suitable, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and complete: Note. However, as time permits, he can develop as many COA, for comparison purposes, as time allows. A-111. After developing the COA, the leader analyzes it to determine its strengths and weaknesses, visualizes the flow of the battle, identifies the conditions or requirements necessary to enhance synchronization, and gains insights into actions at the decisive point of the mission. A-107. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. Offensive considerations the leader can include in his evaluation of avenues of approach: A-46. We stopped our climb at a base altitude of 3,000 feet and returned to the airfield. 6. The platoon leader begins mission analysis when receiving the mission. If the leader determines his tentative decisive point is not valid during COA development or analysis, then he must determine another decisive point and restart COA development. The decisive point might be where or how, or from where, the unit will combine the effects of combat power against the enemy. Analysis of terrain answers the question: What is the terrains effect on the operation? Other crewmembers noticed the same thing. Some situations have no decisive terrain. These attributes may pertain to the accomplishment of the unit purpose, the use of terrain, the destruction of the enemy or other aspect of the operation he believes is important. Tactical considerations in analyzing key terrain. What is the unit's training status and experience relative to the mission? A-59. Also, unit leaders who study the history of civic culture can better understand and explain to others how and why the people have fought previous wars and conflicts. Match. It enables him, A-123. R&S assets and, most importantly, his and his higher headquarters pattern analysis and deductions about the enemy in his AO. A-118. The three types of tasks are specified, implied, and essential. The Coa Statement And Sketch Term Paper - 1240 Words Using the product from generating options, the leader then determines what combinations of Soldiers, weapons, and other systems are needed to accomplish each task. Cloud cover affects ground operations by limiting illumination and solar heating of targets. For example, if the specified task is "Seize Objective Fox," and new intelligence has OBJ FOX surrounded by reinforcing obstacles, this intelligence would drive the implied task of "Breach reinforcing obstacles vicinity Objective Fox.". They must determine how the terrain and weather will affect the enemy and their units. FM 7-30: The Infantry Brigade - Appendix I - GlobalSecurity.org COA Statement and Sketch. If the leader has developed more than one COA, he must compare them by weighing the specific advantages, disadvantages, strengths, and weaknesses of each as noted during the war game. Decisive terrain. Both the COA statement and sketch focus at the decisive point. The leader must not only appreciate how much time is available, but he also must be able to appreciate the time/space aspects of preparing, moving, fighting, and sustaining. He uses these factors, gained from his relational combat power analysis matrix, as his frame of reference in tentatively selecting the best COA. A-28. Consider all nonmilitary groups or institutions in the area of operation. . Reconnaissance is critical in developing the best possible enemy scenario. area of operation as well as the doctrinal requirements for each specified task might reveal the implied tasks. To identify friendly coordination requirements. Then, they determine how those fit into their superiors concepts of the operation. To develop a COA, he focuses on the actions the unit must take at the decisive point and works backward to his start point. Leaders analysis must determine the types of vehicles, Soldiers, and equipment the enemy could use against his unit. Implied tasks derive from a detailed analysis of higher up orders, from the enemy situation and COA, from the terrain, and from knowledge of doctrine and history. War gaming, depending on how much time is devoted to planning, provides. Critical events for each COA. Little effort is needed to enhance mobility, but units might have to zigzag or make frequent detours. Leaders constantly receive information, from the time they begin planning through execution. I informed my co-pilot of my observation and positioned myself to take the controls if he couldn't correct our situation. Defensive considerations the leader can include in his evaluation of avenues of approach: Key Terrain Following these or similar guidelines will result in a higher mission accomplishment rate, a lower weather-related mishap rate and a better image of aviation professionalism. Will variations in trafficability force changes in formations or movement techniques, or require clearance of restricted terrain? They influence and interact with the populace, force, and each other. Mission Command - United States Army A-56. Additionally, they apply these conclusions when they develop COA for both enemy forces and their units. A-34. Course of Action Statement/Sketch - Study Research Papers This product is similar to the MCOO in it shows the critical military aspects of terrain. From developing a strategy to analyzing, refining, and rehearsing the plan, a leader should be knowledgeable in the following areas detailed under this subheading to construct a solid COA. A COA sketch developed in one of several COA-editing tools that have been used as data-entry interfaces to CADET. The four categories the leader considers include. Some missions require a second briefing or the completion of another risk assessment. A-116. It allows the platoon and squads to move with little hindrance. What additional Soldiers or units will accompany? The essential task is the mission taskit accomplishes the assigned purpose. The CCIRs identify and filter information needed by leaders to support their vision and to make critical decisions, especially to determine or validate COA. Identifies how the enemy may potentially fight; the leader weighs the result of his analysis of terrain and weather against the higher headquarters situation template. COA Statement and Sketch Pajota's Guerillas' mission is to block off a mile of road through the use of road blocks on both sides of the highway bridge cross over Cabu Creek of an estimated 300 yards northeast from compound. Implied tasks are those being performed to accomplish a specified task, but that are not stated in a higher headquarters order. Winds From this analysis, he might be able to determine patterns in the enemy's employment or troops and equipment. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. Civil considerations include the influences of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes, activities of civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operation, with regard to the conduct of military operations. In developing the concept of the operation , the leader clarifies in his mind the best ways to use the available terrain and to employ the unit's strengths against the enemy's weaknesses. A-80. This can require reduced aircraft payloads. Leaders must understand assumption the battalion (S-2 uses to portray the enemy's COA. The faculty feedback from the exam will better prepare you for the COA S&S. A-24. Purposes of critical warfighting functions elements. ;" "Reconnoiter route BLUE;" "Assist the forward passage of 1st platoon, B Company." This includes studying the maximum effective range for each weapon system, the doctrinal rates of march, and timelines associated with the performance of certain tasks. I expressed my concern and some uneasiness about the situation because our crews had been caught in dust before and knew the consequences. What is the enemy's most probable course of action? Existing obstacles, man-made include towns; canals; railroad embankments; buildings; power lines; telephone lines. Recommended enemy situation template items. Partial cloud cover can cause glare, a condition attacking aircraft might use to conceal their approach to the target. PDF Chapter 3 MILITARY DECISION-MAKING PROCESS (MDMP) Cabanatuan Essays: Examples, Topics, Titles, & Outlines A-124. The first example, which describes the process in detail, is a continuation of the exercise design . Avenues of approach are classified the same as mobility corridors. PDF Tools of The Company Commander When (this is the time given in the company OPORD). The problem statement generated during problem framing communicates the commander's understanding of the problem or problem set upon which the organization will act. How will existing obstacles and restricted terrain affect the enemy? The COA sketch is a drawing or series of drawings to assist the leader in describing how the operation will unfold. The consequences of tactical risk take two major forms: A-105. Many Eastern cultures rely upon religious organizations as their centers of power and influence, whereas Western culture's power comes from political institutions by elected officials. Although EEFIs are not part of the CCIRs, they still become priorities when the leader states them. For example, fratricide is a hazard categorized as an accident risk; surface danger zones and risk estimate distance are used to identify the controls, such as TRP and phase lines, to reduce this accidental risk. For each COA, the leader thinks through the operation from start to finish. In the end, the usefulness of mission analysis lies in recognizing and capitalizing on opportunities. These can include areas needed after combat operations and contracted resources and services. Where is the dead space in my area of operations? The leader identifies critical factors about cloud cover, including limits on illumination and solar heating of targets. For example, if a battalion situation template identifies a platoon-size enemy element on the company's objective and squad-size enemy elements on the platoons objective, the leader, using his knowledge of both the enemy's doctrine and terrain, develops a situation template positioning squad-size battle positions, crew-served weapons positions, or defensive trenches. The second mission variable to consider is the enemy. Priority intelligence requirements are information a leader needs to know about terrain or enemy to make a critical decision. Higher commanders use boundaries to define their platoons and companies' areas of operations. A-71. Starting with a baseline pattern and keeping a mission analysis on how the population is responding or have responded in the past under similar circumstances will assist leaders in using patterns to the unit's advantage. Identify number of units needed and operational. Army Coa Examples - Army Military Defensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire. Will wind speed cause obscurants to dissipate quickly? In analyzing fields of fire, he considers the friendly and enemy potential to cover avenues of approach and key terrain, in particular, with direct fires. (b) A COA COA stmts and sketches. Where can I kill him? Consequently, this information must be protected from identification by the enemy. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. Although the battle captain knew the environmental conditions, he told us we had legal weather and expected us to accomplish the mission. A-82. The length of crossover time depends on air temperature, soil and vegetation types, amount of cloud cover, and other factors. To do this, they answer the five Ws . Prepare a COA statement and sketch (Decisive point, form of maneuver, and statement of each task to be accomplished) Write your mission statement using the 5Ws. It can do this by masking the target or by reducing overhead clearance. Current activities, capabilities, and limitations are some of the information necessary to build situational understanding. A-106. Lessons Learned A-89. Some temperature considerations include: A-65. Feasible. A-94. This judgment call is unique to the specific METT-TC conditions the leader faces. Then, using doctrinal requirements as a guide, the leader assigns purposes and tasks to decisive, and shaping, and sustaining operations. Can I observe and fire on his location with at least two-thirds of my combat power? Without determining a valid decisive point, the leader cannot begin to develop a valid or tactically sound COA. Using the results of all previous analyses done during mission analysis, the leader compares his unit's combat power strengths and weaknesses with those of the enemy. First, leaders consider TTP from doctrine, unit SOPs, history, or other resources to determine if a solution to a similar tactical problem exists already. What would you have done in our situation? The need for control measures, such as checkpoints, contact points, and target registration points, aid in control, flexibility, and synchronization. A mission is task and purpose clearly indicating the action to be taken and reason for the action. Areas A-104. You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have completed the C600 block of instruction and the C634 MDMP Exam. They also must understand leaders' intent (two levels up). COA analysis allows the leader to synchronize his assets, identify potential hazards, and develop a better understanding of the upcoming operation. I could barely see the ground. Most importantly, as events occur, he must adjust the time available to him and assess its impact on what he wants to accomplish. A-98. Strength Analysis of civil considerations answers three critical questions, A-90. A leader must convey to his subordinates the importance of these deductions, and effect they will have on the units operations. The analysis is a comparison of how a structures location, functions, and capabilities as compared to costs and consequences of such use. A leader may take as much time as needed, while still adhering to the one-third/two-thirds rule. They must assess if the new information affects their missions and plans. Military Decision Making Process (Mar 08) 2 OAKOC Definition. 3. Reconnaissance, surveillance, and target-acquisition positions. (DRAW-D [defends, reinforce, attack, withdraw, or delay]). Analysis of troops and support answers the question: What assets are available to accomplish the mission? Limited planning time forces leaders to prioritize their terrain analyses. Leaders must know more than just the number and types of vehicles, Soldiers, and weapons the enemy has. After these groups have been defined, analyzing them and determining their contributions or resistance to friendly operations is easier. Some precipitation questions to answer include . A-72. OAKOC. They need not analyze METT-TC in a particular order. Many times, the spiritual leader is not necessarily the decision maker for a community, but the spiritual leader must approve the decision maker's actions. "Send two Soldiers to assist in the loading of ammunition. Distinguishable. A-113. The two key elements are friendly forces information and priority intelligence requirements. Only those requiring resources should be used. Leaders to have starting points for terrain analysis must first define their operational environment. BMNT, sunrise, sunset, A-100. A-86. Leaders assess risk to protect the force and aid in mission accomplishment. The leader must consider two kinds of risk: tactical and accident. This allows them to exercise initiative and judgment to accomplish the unit's purpose. He includes the requirements of indirect fire to support the maneuver. Order Description . A-23. This appendix provides six examples to explain how scenario blueprints are designed and used. Where (the objective or location stated in company OPORD), and. _____ (60 points total) COURSE OF ACTION STATEMENT Where has the enemy positioned weapons to cover the obstacles, and what type of weapons is he using? If it does, the leader's job is to take the existing solution and modify it to his unique situation. If I must support a breach, where is the expected breach site and where will the enemy be overwatching the obstacle? Swamps and rugged ground are two examples of restricted terrain for Infantry forces. (Refer to He begins TLP Step 3 after he issues his own WARNORD, and after he has received companys third WARNORD, or until he has enough information to proceed. Back on the ground with both flights shut down, we secured the aircraft and headed back to the TOC to check with Air Force weather regarding improved visibility later in the evening. The two flight crews met at the TOC for the mission briefing. Identifies the enemy's strength by unit. CBRN. Where can I support the movement of a friendly force with mortar, medium machine gun, or Javelin? The leader also determines how to avoid enemy strengths or advantages in combat power. Heavy precipitation can reduce the quality of supplies in storage. Step 4: Develop the Sketch and Statement As with friendly COAs, enemy COAs are best framed using statements and sketches. A-121. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the. In short, he strives to determine where, when, and how his unit's combat power (the effects of maneuver, firepower, protection, leadership, and information) can overwhelm the enemy's ability to generate combat power. (a) The decisive point method employs the following steps: Determine the decisive point and the results to be achieved there. The graphic depiction of terrain can be a photograph, overlay for a map sheet, or a terrain model. What are the enemy's likely counterattack routes? He determines the specific quantity of squads, weapons (by type), and fire support necessary to accomplish each task against the enemy array of forces. Why (the units purpose, taken from the companies concept of the operation). New facts and new or updated . He also identifies positions where artillery observers can call for indirect fire. Seize, destroy, and neutralize are examples of tasks associated with an offensive operation. In order to make the creation of COA diagrams eortless for the user, interaction must occur eortlessly and the interface should be invisible to the user. The reason the staff used the selected control measures. In common usage, especially when applied to lower military units, a mission is a duty or task assigned to an individual or unit. He determines how the weather will affect the visibility, mobility, and survivability of his unit and that of the enemy. It was a familiar mission; a flight of two UH-60Ls were to fly a five-and-a-half-hour ring route under night vision goggles. Another example of essential terrain for a platoon and squad in the attack is high ground overlooking the enemy's reverse-slope defense. How will obstacles and terrain affect the movement or maneuver of the unit? Finally, given the scale with which the leader often develops his situation template, on a 1:50,000 maps, the situation template should be transferred to a graphic depiction of terrain for briefing purposes, as the situation allows. Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities which significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations, including seasons, festivals, holidays, funerals, political rallies, and agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles and paydays. A-35. The terrain, however, may favor defending or attacking. A-83. After the COA briefing, the commander selects or modifies those COAs for continued analysis. A-93. This information can be maintained in a checkbook-style matrix for use during COA development (specifically array forces). The line between enemy combatants and civilian noncombatants is sometimes unclear. He must not take these as facts. I kept an eye on the dust cloud and the instrument panel at the same time, which wasn't a good idea because I soon became disoriented. Organizations of influence force the leader to look beyond preexisting civilian hierarchical arrangements. An intervisibility line analysis enables the leader to visualize the profile view of terrain when only a topographic product (map) is provided. The fifth mission variable of METT-TC is time available. These campaigns include infrastructure rebuild projects, creation of labor opportunities, and education. The normal cycle for an offensive mission is tactical movement, actions on the objective, and consolidation and reorganization. The leader determines the effects of each aspect of terrain on both friendly and enemy forces. Beginning with the decisive point identified during mission analysis, the leader identifies the decisive operation's purpose and purposes of his shaping and sustaining operations. Designating a decisive point is critical to the leader's vision of how he will use combat power to achieve the purpose, how he will task-organize his unit and how his shaping operations will support the decisive operation, and how the decisive operation will accomplish the unit's purpose. He might do it personally, by map, or with his subordinate units, or he can use the assets and information provided by the battalion reconnaissance platoon. The COA statement specifies how the unit will accomplish the mission. How will temperature and humidity affect the unit's rate of march? Leaders also consider the effects of manmade and natural terrain in conjunction with the weather on friendly and enemy operations. The population within a prescribed area of operation comprises several different groups, both ethnically and politically. What (the unit's essential task and type of operation). It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA development, rather than an observation: A-48. How do I gain or maintain control of key terrain? COA statment and sketch Cover the; who (generic task organization), what (tasks), when, where, and why (purpose) for each subordinate unit. This should include at least the employment of reserves, CBRN weapons, artillery or mortar locations and ranges, and reconnaissance assets. MDMP Step 3: COA Development Flashcards | Quizlet The leader must assess what terrain is essential to mission accomplishment. Implied Tasks. If a solution does not exist, the leader must develop one. Leaders must understand each groups perceptions about the United States, the Army, and specific units operating within that area. Template events and analyze them for their political, economic, psychological, environmental, and legal implications. How do you weigh the importance of the mission with your ability to complete that mission safely? Reinforcing obstacles, tacticaltactical (reinforcing) obstacles inhibit the ability of the opposing force to move, mass, and reinforce. The C634A2 course of action statement and sketch (COA S&S) is an individual assignment worth 20% of the overall C600 grade. Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. Leaders should know the disposition, composition, strength, and capabilities of their forces one and two levels down. Course of Action Statement and Sketch Flashcards | Quizlet COA statement should identify -Decisive point, and what makes it decisive. Unless given the benefit of information collection, his situation template is only an estimate of how the enemy might be disposed. Coa statement and sketch example #991# - Carol Romine Lost opportunity, such as movement across terrain severely restricts the speed of traverse. factors of the overall operations. During execution, their continuous analyses enable them to issue well-developed Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. This understanding makes it possible to exercise disciplined initiative. Other events, such as disasters and those precipitated by military forces, stress and affect the attitudes and activities of the populace and include a moral responsibility to protect displaced civilians. A-91. The S-3 informed us where friendly forces were in our area, while the S-2 filled us in on where the action was in our battle space. What are all likely enemy avenues into my area of operations? Leaders capture their understanding of what their units are to accomplish in their revised mission statements. What effect will this have on the way the enemy fights?. If necessary, how can I avoid such features? Information related capabilities also can be properly focused with a healthy understanding of the perceptions of the civilian population. EENT, moonrise, moonset, and percentage of illumination. Analyze Relative Combat Power Tasks and purposes of the decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations. Strong winds also can hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which leader has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. If time permits, the leader might be able to conduct a pattern analysis of the enemy's actions to predict future actions. We also obtained a report from the battle captain concerning the weather situation at the destination airfield. Heavy cloud cover can degrade many target acquisition systems, IR guided munitions, and general aviation operations. This includes troops who are either attached to or in direct support of his unit. At the lower levels, leaders conduct their mission analyses by evaluating METT-TC.