Cameron, L. C. R., Rod, Pole and Perch: Angling and Otter-hunting Sketches (London, 1928), p. 52 83. Downing, Graham, The Hounds of Spring. His argument in the Hunted Otter was driven by quotations from thirty published sources. Here he labelled otter hunting as the second cruellest blood sport: With the exception of the hare-hunt men and women possibly never sink so low as they do when they join an Otter-Worry. something like twelve thousand otters have been killed in England for the purpose of fun. The most important organisation calling for the protection of otters in the Edwardian period was the Humanitarian League, founded in 1891 by Henry Salt, who published his pamphlet Humanitarianism in the same year. Which of the following observations would provide the strongest By placing value on the life of the animal, it was not the act of killing that was condemned, but rather the killers reaction to such an act. He had seen a Master of a pack last summer throw a man into the river for striking at an otter with a walking stick.Footnote The History of the Eastern Counties Otter Hounds, Rod, Pole and Perch: Angling and Otter-hunting Sketches, Putting Animals into Politics: The Labour Party and Hunting in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, A blow to the men in Pink: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Opposition to Hunting in the Twentieth Century, Tarka the Otter: His Joyful Water-life and Death in the Country of the Two Rivers, The Otter Speared, Portrait of the Earl of Aberdeen's Otterhounds, or the Otter Hunt, http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/laing-art-gallery/collections.html.
Hunt Otters 42. 88. This is not to say that those within the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports subscribed to this notion. 10 Sea otters were ecologically extirpated from the Northwest Coast of North America by the Kean, Hilda, The Smooth Cool Men of Science: The Feminist and Socialist Response to Vivisection, History Workshop Journal (1995), 40:1, 1638 For Bates, such suffering could not be enjoyable for the sufferer and should not be enjoyable for onlookers. 40, As a result of the Humanitarian League's campaigning, by 1906 otter hunting had become an issue of public debate. The latter is probably more in keeping with the prosaic style of the pamphlet. feel thankful that the Masters of the various packs of otter hounds do not share this opinion.Footnote UKWOT has It may be outlawed, yet in 1977 one single New York dealer smuggled, amongst many other furs, the skins of 15,470 neotropical and 271 giant otters into the country (Eltringham 1984).
Where Have All the Sea Otters Gone This act of individual defiance was, however, soon silenced by the laughter of the unreceptive audience. 73. Otter hunting presents to him a picturesque scene, with the scarlet-coated, white-breeched men armed with spears, with shaggy hounds, and the landscape set with great marsh marigolds. Throughout the period campaigners repeatedly pointed to this subject as proof of the inconsistency and heartlessnessFootnote The group's membership steadily grew from over 300 in 1925, to over 2000 in 1929, and 3000 in 1938. 64. He saw that miserable little animal was pursued by men with large poles with spikes in their heads, men who would put on a tall hat and go to Church on Sundays, while women disgracing their sex stood by and lent their countenance and encouragement to the brutal proceedings. 30. . Now, Dr. Estes said, more than 90 percent of those otters are gone. In just a few decades, this bustling civilization has withered into a ghost town. You can travel down 10 miles of coastline and never see an animal, he said. The loss is more than cosmetic. In the Aleutians delicate seascape, otters hold the entire ecosystem together. . 54 The Hawkstone Otter Hounds disbanded in 1914, putting down most of their hounds. 84. Here Bates presents a very personal and very committed attack on otter hunting in a style of writing quite unlike his own. [After a pause.] Alongside the written article, twelve pictures are used to provide a step by step visual account of a day's hunting with the Crowhurst Otter Hounds. The latter is essentially a personal consideration of riverside life along the Ouse and the Nene. 34. Sydney Barthropp, Master of the Eastern Counties Otter Hounds, died fighting in France in 1914, which led to their disbandment soon after. 2. Now, Dr. Estes said, more than 90 percent of those otters are gone. A barrister by profession, Coleridge who hated cruelty in all its formsFootnote The second letter from An Old Fashioned Sportsman denounced otter hunting on sporting grounds and used the Barnstaple cat-worrying case to strengthen his argument: I belong to an old family of Tory sportsman who have been brought up to view with disgust such amusements as involve the fiendish cruelty and worrying of one poor little animal for many hours by a motley crowd of men, women and even children, some armed with spears. The Humanitarian League's strategy was that whenever an article mentioning otter hunting appeared in a newspaper or magazine, League members would bombard that publication with letters of protest. 74. WebOregons sea otters disappeared in flash of destruction, as one small part of an ocean-spanning fur boom driven by demand for their lush pelts. In order to share these principles with the public, the League adopted a strategy that involved open meetings, lobbying of influential individuals, letter writing campaigns to newspapers and magazines and the production of pamphlets, monthly journals and other scholarly publications.Footnote During the summer months its pages were sprinkled with photographs of women and girls being blooded at otter hunts. There were several large sources of South American otter skins. 31. to gratify the anglers craze.Footnote Osman, Colin, Man, Felix Hans (18931985), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 Bates begins by considering the main excuse for killing otters, the supposed need to reduce predation on fish.
Otters In 1928, it showed a cheerful young woman glorying over being blooded at an otter-hunt (Figure 4).Footnote 22. The Master of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds surveys a line of Country. Should Otters be Hunted?, Madame, 9th September 1905, 515, cited in Cheesman and Cheesman, Diaries of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds, p. 44. . It was not until July 1928 that the age was lowered to twenty-one. The candid words of Reverend E. W. L. Davies in his 1886 chapter on The Otter and his Ways helped to reinforce this point: Bitch-otters yielding milk. Glorying over being blooded at an Otter Hunt, Cruel Sports, 1928 p. 85. Which of the following Although its founder Edward Hulton was a Conservative, the publication was politically left leaning and its editors Stefan Lorent and Tom Hopkinson took an anti-fascist stance. 1847Google Scholar; John Mackenzie points out that Landseer did not decry human participation in the raw cruelty of the natural world. The seasonality, setting and pedestrianism of otter hunting appealed to Edwardian sporting and leisure sensibilities. In the Aleutian Islands, a massive and unexpected disappearance of sea otters has occurred since the 1980s. The cause of the decline is not known, although the observed pattern of disappearances is consistent with a rise in orca predation. Sea otters give live birth. Coulson, Otter Worrying A Protest, The Humanitarian, August 1908, 61. 70. What are perhaps more interesting are his reasons for wanting to preserve the otter. Is there no legislation which would enable, say, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals to get upon the track of the Workington murderers and make them suffer? . He argued that if the government cared for the preservation of beauty in England, the otter would long ago have been placed on the protected list, and would not have been subjected to the undiscriminating attacks of sportsmen.Footnote socially, much of society still subscribed to the Victorian notion of womanhood. From the late 1890s Coulson had also launched a prolific letter writing campaign against otter hunting in local, regional and national newspapers. 45 . He presented the case for his unauthorised but friendly amendment at the Egyptian Hall, Mansion House. 14364Google Scholar; He is remembered today for his monumental two-volume Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages (191921); for his natural history collections now held at Kew, the British Museum, and London Zoo; and for his identification of the okapi (Okapi johnstoni) in the Congo in 1901.Footnote This approval generated considerable adverse reactions and increased press coverage. It is pleasant to read that after such heroic conduct on the part of the poor beast, the hunter's heart softened and the whelp restored.Footnote 39 For almost 40 years, the otters in southeast Alaska scrapped by. The underlying motivation for these very specific criticisms is a much broader belief that all living beings feel pain and suffer. Figure 2. 57 Big game hunter Sir Henry Seton-Karr and otter hunter Mr David Davies, Member of Parliament, were among its sixty-one ordinary members.Footnote The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sport, Annual Report (London, 1926). Bell argued that it offered an insightful glimpse into the mind of the sporting man,Footnote
sea otters, urchins and starfish make . Summer hunting across rugged river valleys offered strenuous physical exertion in the sun, whilst facilitating a picnic and a paddle. The National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports sought to enlist the support of well-known individuals, including the journalist and author H. E. Bates (19051974) who became a mainstream country writer. [23] But in the early 2000s, their numbers exploded: From 2002 to 2011, the sea-otter population more 49. Spearing was no longer permitted in the popular modern form. . 38 . Joseph Collinson, The Hunted Otter (1911), p. 19. WebThe otters were then protected by the international fur seal treaty, which banned sea otter hunting. With fox hunting, he argued, few perhaps ever see the death, and it is over almost in an instant but, owing to his strength and cat-like tenacity of life, the otter fights long and dies hard. He argued that if the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals did not oppose otter hunting then it is quite certain that some similar Society will do so to the utter shame of our Society here.Footnote 89 13. Stephen Coleridge was the second son of Lord Chief Justice of England, John Duke Coleridge, and great nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 44 68 47
River Otter 66. It argued that if it were necessary, otters should be cleanly killed, i.e. Otter reintroductions were common during this time. The painting is currently in store at the Laing Gallery, Newcastle http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/laing-art-gallery/collections.html. Another aspect of otter hunting that attracted critical attention was the type of people involved and the behaviour it induced. The opinion of H. E. Bates provides an insight into one person's perception of the immorality of hunting otters to death. The painting was commissioned as a commemorative portrait of his pack of otter hounds by Lord Aberdeen (17841860), then foreign secretary and later to become prime minister. Members of the League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports were also outraged by this murderous behaviour and equally critical of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, but they had a slightly different response to the event. 2. . Still, if I am ruled out of order I will resume my seat. The object of this society was to create a sound public opinion on the destruction of wild animals throughout the British Empire, especially Africa, and establish game reserves.Footnote Ruskin's critique of the painting did little to diminish the popularity of Landseer's art in the nineteenth century and hunts, hunters and otter hunting increased substantially in popularity, reaching a peak in the Edwardian period.Footnote For Johnston the otter was not a special animal, it was one of many beasts, birds, and reptiles which potentially added to the future happiness of the world. George Greenwood made a similar observation in the 1914 publication, Killing for Sport: Men and, good heavens!
When the Otters Vanished, Everything Else Started to men and women,Footnote The scientist built a tube that was divided by an. It appears to be more about human behaviour than animal suffering. 80. WebWhich of the following critical values should the scientist use for the chi-square analysis of the data? 52. Izaak Walton, The Compleat Angler: Or the Contemplative Man's Recreation (1653), Chapter 2. Once all of them are out, plug up the hole and it is as simple as that. Writing in the Morning Leader, Colonel Coulson described how an otter, which had been hunted for seven hours, was struck and killed by a blow from a metal-shod stick wielded by an otter hunter in a boat. . . 11 J. C. Bristow-Noble, Madame, 22nd July 1905, 171, cited in Cheesman and Cheesman, Diaries of the Crowhurst Otter Hounds, p. 43 [Actually it was Mrs Kellogg-Jenkins, Battle, who had been born in San Francisco, 1911 census]. Ernest Bell, The RSPCA, The Animals Friend (1906), 169170; Reverend Joseph Stratton, The Abdication of the R.S.P.C.A., The Humanitarian, August 1906, 59. 48 The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports, Annual Report (London, 1931), 34.
How to Get Rid of Otters? (Helpful Guide and Quick Facts) F. Pamphlet Series. Finally the author of the original article, J. C. Bristow-Noble, responded resentfully that On behalf of some of these daughters of Eve, I have now to state that it is of their opinion that the quarry, as is frequently the case, should always be allowed to escape. The public profile of otter hunting was raised by the publication in 1927 of Henry Williamson's Tarka the Otter: His Joyful Water-life and Death in the Country of the Two Rivers. And as to the women, they evidently have no sense of shame, or pity, for the torture these poor little creatures undergo.Footnote 65. Leeds Women Protest at an Otter Hunt, Cruel Sports, August 1935. This reversal shows that the campaigning did have an impact, albeit a small one, on the public perception of the activity. When Oregon and the federal government removed families from the area more than 150 years ago, Peter Hatch said, sea otters were still present. This indicates that despite the ongoing challenge from the anti-blood-sports movement, in 1939 hunting rhetoric still informed the public's perception of otters and otter hunting. 59. 37, The first malpractice to be exposed in otter hunting itself was an incident that occurred on the River Tweed on 6th July 1907. [22] In 1957 the treaty was finally re-drafted to account for the population changes in the various locations of sea otters. 85 In a series of vignettes, Bates fondly describes the rivers, the creatures, the trees, the flowers, the buildings and the people that make up the watery landscape. The regular otter hunter deliberately indulges in cruelty without the saving grace of feeling shame on the contrary, the returning cars and local tap rooms ring with the complacent boastings of the lords and ladies of creation.Footnote 1823. Ernest Bell noted in the Animals Friend journal soon after the prosecution that it was quite right that the press should express horror at such barbarity but questioned whether the deliberate worrying of otters for amusement was any less cruel or reprehensible than the worrying of cats.Footnote This is clearly a splendid time. Hunting is a good excuse for a hard day's exercise. In these terms, if fishermen, as the only people with a genuine grievance against otters, did not feel the need to hunt and kill them on the grounds of revenge, then the animal was not a pest. Bates wrote this chapter on the basis that he liked otters but, despite living within a mile of a river valley, had never seen one in the wild. Resting upon his well-notched otter pole and fully clad in hunting attire, he gazes into the distance. 22. Colonies were discovered around Alaska's Aleutian Islands and Prince William Sound in the 1930s. 56. Brutality of Otter-Hunting, Cruel Sports, June 1928, 74. Salt, Henry, Humanitarianism (London, 1891), p. 3 Tichelar, Michael, A blow to the men in Pink: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Opposition to Hunting in the Twentieth Century, Rural History, 22 (2011), 89113 See inside.. What can look more ridiculous than a middle-aged woman, hurrying along, mile after mile, through wet grass and muddy pools, climbing fences and walls, her clothes sticking to her body and her hair half down her back?Footnote After some lively verbal exchanges between the Huntsman and League members, the Branch Secretary Mrs Chapman attempted to address the crowd by standing on a chair. Ernest Bell, Cat Worrying by Sportsmen, The Animals Friend (1905), 1823. On occasions deer-hunters hunted and killed hinds-in-calf. . Google Scholar. Daily Mail, 23rd May 1906, cited in Rather than defend its sentient or sporting qualities, he was much more concerned with its aesthetic role in the landscape. Large hunting efforts were under way with the help of a massive ship in the water. This fun was one of the reasons why it is so difficult for me, and for that matter anybody else, to get a sight of an otter.Footnote 25. The last known native sea otter in Washington state, Larson said, was shot in 1910 near Willapa Bay. 75. 59. These public demonstrations shed light on the respectability of the animal welfare movement. Instead, it tells the reader that the otter is hunted partly because it is tradition to do so; partly because he provides excellent sport, and partly because it is still necessary to regulate his kind.Footnote