Can you explain it? When the reason for the connection of the representations has been directed back to the I, what is represented first comes to a stand such that it is securely established as an object for the representing subject. Mathematicians used to think that there is no strategy to win in blackjack, assuming that its just a card game, based on randomness. v) Shakespeares Macbeth is not a play about ambition: Shakespeare is not against ambition; it is a play that concerns the outcomes of the illness that at times accompanies ambition and the ambitious. In your study of Group 3 subjects, you will hear both the words culture and world-view said often. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. The a priori and its priority will be interpreted by you in accordance with your conception of the thinghood of the things or images you have chosen and your understanding of the being of beings or things in general. In fact, you can split sets into two types those that contain themselves and those that dont. TOK Exhibition B Subtext and Connotation TOK Exhibition B TOK exhibition sample TOK Exhibition Current research into AI, artificial intelligence, is being questioned because so much of it is occurring beyond good and evil or beyond ethical considerations. The difficult thing here is that there's nothing we can observe, in our Universe, that allows us to tell these three possibilities apart. You are required to choose one prompt from the list below, and it must be exactly from this list and you cannot change the wording. epistemology - What is considered to be unknowable? - Philosophy Stack Tautologies are prominent in modern day computer language. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. What is a world-view and how does it differ from a world-picture which can be associated with mindsets, systems, subjectivity and, thus, with the various understandings of what a culture is? But our word virtue which for the Greeks meant the manliness of a man has come to mean the chastity of a woman. An adequate or good explanation usually suffices to end the ire of that tyrant that calls himself/herself a teacher! It will be able to talk about itself and how there are other beings, it may be able to claim that it is conscious, but it still will be a set of relatively simple mathematical equations trained to behave like a human. Whats crazy about it (actually, one of a few things), is that there is a different constant for each program, so there is an infinite number of values for this constant which is usually shown as a Greek omega (). Whence means from where, when and speaks of the origins of the thing in question. The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics: A Translation of Schrdingers Cat Paradox Paper, 2 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/God_does_not_play_dice_with_the_universe (retrieved 16.05.21), Unless something fundamental in our understanding of the world changes, which is very much possible, as we have not yet developed a concise theory of everything, we will never have a deterministic model of the universe and some phenomena will remain unknowable. There is no medieval world-picture: human beings are assigned their place by God in His created order. What we call our knowledge requires that what we consider the knowledge to be must be rendered or handed over to others so that it may be justified and made secure. The characteristics of black swan and the fact that it is an open system that takes into account many variables that are often not related and change with time randomly make it unknowable. The first scientific attempt to create an optimal strategy for blackjack was revealed in the paper for the Journal of the American Statistical Association. Throughout human history we considered much knowledge to be unknowable. 1 Trimmer, John D. (1980). You have to chooseone of the following prompts and your choice of prompt will determine the methodology or the pathway as well as the design or plan that you will follow to arrive at your interpretation of the images or objects you have chosen. This paper became the foundation for later research that verified this strategy. The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. However, the soul in need of purification shuts itself off from such instruction because it feels it does not need the purification to begin with because it believes that it already knows. This assertion is apparently paradoxical or contradictory since the concept of historicism itself must be historical and will be replaced by some other concept at some point in the future. It has been confirmed experimentally, that many quantum particles behave this way they have no exact state until observed, with each state having a certain probability, just like the cat. What is this? If sufficient reasons are not given, we doubt the truth of the claim being made. We leave the brain-hurting world of mathematics, but alas we enter the even more cortex-boggling world of quantum physics. as an object. 26. That we have areas of knowledge is a recognition of the need for specialization in our studies since so much information and knowledge has been amassed in these areas through our pursuit of knowledge. 12. Because reason is aratio,an account, if it is not given a judgement remains without justification. According to . These conditions and contexts determine the actions that we will take regarding decisions which we have to make within the everyday experiences of our lives. 8. The metaphor of black swan is used to describe an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. For the interpretation of a result as a result is conducted with the help of the principle {the principle of reason}, presupposed, but not grounded. The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is yes, so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered knowledge prior to it. But if in our rendering, we are turning everything into objectness so as to seek its possibilities and potentials, from where will any recognition, responsibility or obligation arise? When the soul is not beautiful, it is ugly and deformed. Technically, the principle says that you cant know the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously. It is not a truth relativism; it may reveal or it may not. 16. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Anyways here are my objects and a general outline as to where I plan on going with them: Prompt: Are some things unknowable? Second order claims are claims that are made about knowledge, and you will have to deal with these in evaluating the importance of the claims that you will be making. It can also be a statement exhibiting a relation of implication i.e. Alan Turing was an English mathematician and a child prodigy, particularly in mathematics. 2. We demand that things give us the reasons for their being the way they are. When I learnt the theorem, it was suggested that the famous Fermats Last Theorem might be such a true thing that cant be proved true, but that was spoiled as an example when Andrew Wiles proved it true in 1995. This is just an example of the extraordinary changes in meaning that words have through the centuries and should serve as a warning. What do your choices of objects or images for this prompt indicate about you and the society of which you are a member? This list contains 10 things that are unknowable in principle. Does all knowledge impose ethical obligations on those who know it? This example shows that some things are inherently unknowable and cant be obtained even with the most precise instruments. World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. Furthermore, he also showed that there are true things in mathematics that cant be proved true. Scientists do not conduct exact experiments to discover whether nature conforms to mathematical regularities; they do so because they presuppose a projection of nature as mathematical. These have to do with communities. Here, the IA prompt presents the opportunity to choose an object that is unknown to a student. What Is Unknowable? Your email address will not be published. What counts as good evidence for a claim? Such possession implies having a power over, a control over, a relation to some thing or some one, and therefore a responsibility for the knowledge, the thing, the person that one is related to that one has some kind of possession of. 109 likes, 1 comments - Alexander Gray Associates (@alexandergrayassociates) on Instagram: "Valeska Soares created "Epilogue" in 2017, a variant on her iconic large . A sufficient reason is the identification of a subject or theme with its predicates; it is the identification of the causes for some things being what and how it is. To go into this matter here is much too complicated and I, frankly, am not sure that I am capable of it. An examination of the characteristics of the types of knowledge has been undertaken in greater depth on this prompt in this blog: https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. Every even number is the sum of two primes.. Speed of Light Information can't be transmitted faster than the speed of light. Imagine someone proving that a number could be simultaneously even and odd, its similarly worrisome to that. Is there such a thing or mode of being as objectivity? Our cognition, our conscious awareness, is a type of representational thinking which, in the presentation or the experience, some thing we encounter comes to stand, to a standstill, is put in a position or place. When we say that the objectivity of objects is based upon subjectivity we mean that it is not something confined to a single person and something fortuitous to their individuality and situation and discretion; it is not personal knowledge. When one reads modern essays, doctoral theses, and other research in most areas of knowledge, one finds that there are no references from, say, before 1980 in the research. Logos is a reckoning that orients ourselves to some other thing i.e. The providing ofsufficient reasons is what we consider to be a good justification for a claim. You may also wish to discuss owe and its distinctions from own and the possible implications of these in any discussion of this prompt. Top 10 Unknowable Things - Listverse It is the authority of the principle of reason which characterizes the modern age as technological or as the Information Age. We often invalidate and consider some things unknowable, even though theyre not, and on the other hand, we tend to make assumptions or forecasts on inherently unknowable matters, ranging from such a simple thing as the future to more complex paradoxes or cognitive limitations. Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. Here is why Chaitin's number is mind-blowing: There are many problems in mathematics that can be disproved by one counterexample. Our doubt and skepticism, on the other hand, is spurred by the requirement of giving sufficient reasons for a things being what and how it is, and should these not be given, then the thing is not. Technologys erosion of human being and its enclosing of the world (the opposite of disclosing) are offset by its ability to give us experiences. A world-picture, on the other hand, comes from the German Weltbild, a picture [BiId] of the world. His work on computing machines was entirely theoretical at first; he was working on the idea of describing mathematical statements entirely numerically so they could be processed by a theoretical computing machine. In my exhibition I have presented three objects . It will be equally likely for someone to believe that this idea is a part of our world, as for another to claim that it is just a thought. Suffice to say that it is way bigger than Skewes numbers and in fact, the universe isnt big enough to store the printed version. (LogOut/ Your email address will not be published. 30. One can experience fear, for example, by feeling it or by witnessing it. 2. Top 10 Unknowable Things | Knowledge Speaks is kelly o'donnell related to norah o'donnell The question if there are unknowable things with our current technology is easy to answer - yes, there are, but as it is impossible to predict the future, it is impossible to say whether these things will remain such. The what, how and why of those changes in values and beliefs or what have become known as paradigm shifts in human being-in-the-world have brought about many consequences once they were established as our way of viewing and being-in-the-world. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. We call these facts, but they are facts only within the system that allows them to be seen as such. Reasons must be rendered to human beings who determine objects as objects by way of a representation that judges. This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. your cognition of the things, should come to a greater light or understanding through this exercise. Understanding is prior to interpretation. It was the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language (and, thus, our English language) and their conception of a thing as a subject (subjectum) with accidents (qualities, what we experience of the thing through sensory perception). We do not acquire what can be called objective knowledge of nature as that was traditionally understood. and For what purpose? 11. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Its easier to consider something unknowable than to find that knowledge, thus we often hastily recognise something as unknowable, even though its not. It was normal for people to think that way, as we tend to simplify matters. Meredith Christenberry on Instagram: "Timeless collection is LIVE (link To what extent is objectivity possible in the production or acquisition of knowledge? no knowledge is permanent, and this is quite contrary to how the Greeks understood knowledge as in sophia and episteme; they understood that some things are permanent. Whether they are the ulemasof Muslim societies or the talking heads of the think-tanks of technological societies, it is the experts who determine how truth has been interpreted and how it should be applied to human actions within communities. An exact science leads to an exact machine technology. 5. Another, more advanced level, is to recognize that other beings exist, each their information about the world. The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: To stamp becoming with the character of being that is the supreme will to power (WP 617). First order claims are those that are made within particular areas of knowledge or by individual knowers about the world, or in this specific case, about the importance of tools in producing knowledge and acquiring knowledge in the various areas of knowledge. Unknowable Thing: Are there any uninteresting people? With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. The unknowability of the black swan comes from our epistemic limitations, philosophical and empirical. It is assessed internally, that is by your own teachers, but moderated externally by IB examiners. But the end for the Greeks was to demonstrate why their trust was an appropriate response to the things that are and this trust overcame the doubt and skepticism that initiated their search for knowledge. Except that it led to the development of digital computers. It becomes something subjective. The handing over of knowledge is done through language and this language may be in the form of speech, numbers, or images/representations. The tools are antecedent to our viewing of the world as technological and they can only produce or allow us to acquire what is called knowledge in a pre-determined manner, a manner which produced the tools themselves in the first place. What makes the being of objects possible is Reason itself. Modern technology employs modern science. (LogOut/ It is through research that we believe we can uncover that which has been hidden. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. The intention of this writing is to provoke thought on your part so that you are mindful of your choices and, hopefully, gain greater knowledge of who you are so that you will be able to make more aware judgements in the future about academic and ethical questions. Science Confronts The Unknowable; Less Is Known Than People Think It is the unity of a subject with its predicate and the support for their being connected is the basis or ground of the judgement and provides justification for the judgement. . are established so that there is little room to discuss the objects and their being that are under scrutiny. In your Exhibition you will bring your knowledge to bear on the relations of the objects or images that you will choose to exhibit and demonstrate their connectedness to each other. To what areas of knowledge do the images/objects you have chosen belong? they are not underway towards something because they already possess knowledge of the things about which they deliberate and those things are the things which are permanent. Ways have been gotten around the paradox essentially by redefining set theory. Presumed familiarity with something is the proper origin of deception and error. Opinion is an orientation towards things as they would show themselves to a correct investigation and examination. The features or characteristics of that knowledge which can be relied upon are those that provide surety and certainty. Technology itself is a disclosive looking and is not to be understood as manufacturing. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being, how we have defined and classified them. I have written extensively on this topic of personal knowledge on this blog site and recommend that you view the following links to find possible approaches in narrowing your focus on this broad topic: CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; CT 1: Self-Knowledge and Ethics. The output that is looked for has already been pre-determined prior to the making or creation. Your TOK exhibition is worth 35% of the grade. This is what you are attempting to do in your Exhibition. Opinion is the handing over of knowledge through language and what the thing is that is handed over. will be choices that individuals in the future will have to make with the know-how that they have. Adequate evidence means that the evidence provided is correct. They are considered experts because they have that knowledge by acquaintance with the subject matter upon which they speak. What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge? Today we can easily obtain up to 1 billion numbers after a coma just by searching on the internet, but we still cant know the last digit. A good explanation, like good evidence, provides reasons for the answers to the questions whence, why and how. To that extent, we have renounced the type of description of nature that was customary for centuries and that had been valid as the self-evident goal of all exact natural science. From this definition, we can infer that black swans are inherently unpredictable and therefore our prediunknowable. 14. Step 1: choose the IA prompt and look for three objects. Now, in a distant future (around 2 trillion years from now) all the other galaxies will be so far away that they wont be observable (technically, theyll be moving so fast that the light will be stretched into gamma rays with wavelengths longer than the universe is wide). what you are getting your education for. Since such occurrences often go beyond the human's scope of understanding, their knowability is especially hard to determine. Technology is a theoretical,not a practical affair. In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge? Because not all of a work of art or a poem, for instance, can be accounted for through these calculations, we refer to our responses to them as subjective and we strive to give an account of the work which will overcome this subjectivity and will conform to the principle of sufficient reason, a giving of an adequate account with the evidence for such an account.Our mode of access to a type of thing, e.g. It may be personal, expressing ones own particular life-experience and opinions (ones personal knowledge), or total, extinguishing all personal opinions (shared knowledge). CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower. Our tragic literature and our art, generally, demonstrate that there might not be as great a separation between theory and practice as we have been led to believe. This perfection is the striving for the completeness of the foundation. Remember that all three (images of) objects should relate to the same prompt. It just means that the answer to the question is known by one party, but not the other. She can help bring that health out into the open. to determine what our tastes should be in our various forms of entertainment. Well done. This understanding is grounded in the principle of sufficient reason. 15. One problem was to prove that mathematics was consistent which would be jolly nice to know. This prompt speaks to the reasons or grounds that some actions should not be taken prior to reflection on their being undertaken presumably because the ends of those actions are not good ends. Reason renders an account of the truth of judgement. Infatuation is that love of the beauty which is in the eye of the beholder. Are some things unknowable? - tok2lopoznan.wordpress.com Such a definition is correct to a point. Perhaps the greatest challenge you will face is that the total word count for this document is 950 words (excluding references). This revealing or bringing out from concealment of what has been buried is the correctness of our representations or what we have come to call the correspondence theory of truth. OT 3: Knowledge and Politics Part 1. To illuminate it, I have to fire photons at it, when a photon hits the particle, the particle will be moved by the photons so by trying to measure its position, I change its position. the doctors knowledge is that of abetting what is true of nature in regard to the health of human beings. The USA is going through some deep conflicts at the moment in that its Constitution begins with We hold these truths to be self-evident But its sciences illustrate that there are no self-evident truths and that what are believed to be self-evident truths are coming into conflict with the conveniences that have been revealed and desired through their technology, the tendencies towards autocratism and fascism being two examples . For a start, there is more than one infinity. For example, how many positive, whole numbers are there? Not all knowledge is good, it seems. Opinion is Platos justified true belief which he outlines in his dialogue Theatetus. Experience is at first passive: we come across something without going in search of it. This collapses the superposition and the cat falls into one of the two possible states. Basim TOK Final - Are some things unknowable? Knowledge is - Studocu Modern science experiences the demand to render sufficient reasons as a crisis currently. He was the son of Jewish parents born in pre-war Poland, and he was very lucky. Are some knowledge unknowable - Studocu Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. Einstein, for example, has been quite clear that it was not reason only that brought about his theory of relativity but that imagination played a great part in its final coming-to-be. This demand that reasons must be rendered is what is empoweringin the principle of reason. Many scientists are not fond of the idea that there are things in the universe beyond their grasp. What does this mean?What you are attempting to do is to render completeness to the reasons that you are giving for those objects/images that you have chosen. This belief, if it were to be considered as a way of knowing, would make God be known to the believer. Are some things unknowable? So, if you were an astronomer in 2 trillion years, there would be no way of knowing that there were billions of other galaxies in the universe and if anyone suggested it, youd laugh derisively and say show me the evidence; you have nothing.. But just because something is not accessible for us now, it doesnt mean that it wont in the future, therefore its sometimes mistakenly to assume that something is unknowable, when it is just inaccessible for us. 35 IA Prompts | TOK DISCUSSIONS The mathematically provable idea that something exists but is unknowable has clear philosophical and theological implications. I just have one question.