-- William Grimes Is it known that BQP is not contained within NP? In fact, the Argentina brand is owned by Century Pacific Food, a company headquartered in the Philippines. If you use the spread correctly, you won't be thrilled, but you can avoid ruining your meal. Why is this sentence from The Great Gatsby grammatical? I'm guessing that saltpeter (potassium nitrate) was used more frequently than sodium nitrate/nitrite in the past because it was more readily available. Beef jerky has a very intense Is there any substitute for vital wheat gluten? refusing to eat turkey bacon or use soy-based cheese on a Posted on Last updated: February 20, 2023, The 5 Best Substitutes for Apricot Preserves. By adding potatoes to the mix, the texture is better and the taste is a tad bit improved. On first read, theyre not the most appealing cut of meat. I always keep a In my experience, without is yourv preparation tastes more like "cooked meat" and with it it tastes like "deli meat". It's far from elite, mind you, but this canned corned beef will do if your funds are low and you need something acceptable. Sure, it may not look appetizing,but this stuff can be undeniably tasty. We hope you enjoy our blog! This type of meat has less fat than pancetta or Serrano ham, but it does contain nitrates and nitrites. Alternatively, other brands are so reliable and delicious that you won't think twice about recommending them to friends and family. I wouldn't recommend using it outside of a recipe that specifically called for it, as you say. "Some people see a sheet of seaweed and want to be wrapped in it. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. 2023 Home Kitchen Talk - WordPress Theme by Kadence WP, Is Prosciutto a Processed Meat? I started this blog to help you find the right ingredients for your recipes and help you become a better cook. Like most cured meats, its pretty high in sodium and can be spicy. It has a similar dry-cured flavor and texture. If youve ever had slow-cooked collard greens or stewed pinto beans or navy beans, theres always that deeper, saltier flavor lingering in the background. The capicola ham often has a mild flavor and is sometimes dry-cured. #2 is only necessary when dry curing like pepperoni and dry salami, which are not cooked or refrigerated. Capicola ham is a type of ham that comes from the shoulder of the pig. After all, cooking is a form of art. Unlike many other Italian cured meat types, guanciale isnt usually eaten raw. Whereas Goya's product needs to be served warm, Grace's product is much better when it's cold. Since its a dry-cured ham, theres no need for any additional ingredients or condiments while enjoying capicola. It appears to be some kind of congealed goop that is fed to livestock to cut down on costs. Is it correct to use "the" before "materials used in making buildings are"? Commercially, they are now known as Prague Powder #1 and #2. It's impossible to go wrong when it comes to canned corned beef made byLibby's. Serrano ham is also known as Jamn. You can easily use cheese as a way to substitute prosciutto in many recipes. ;o), Hestan Copperbond Induction Copper Soup Pot, 3QT, Organic Cotton Reusable Gift Wrap (Set of 3). Another issue is the greasy taste of the corned beef. The good news is Excelsior Corned Beef actually tastes a lot better than it smells. However, if youre looking for a substitute that contains similar flavors, Black Forest ham may be a good option. Its similar to prosciutto in the process of preparing and taste. Saltpeter is potassium nitrate, which does not directly cure meats. I just use a simple pickling recipe and inject the meat then soak it in the brine for 3 days. This is why hocks take a lot of cooking to become tender. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It's so fatty and jello-like that it doesn't even look like it's meant for human consumption. They taste just as good as ham. Prosciutto ham has a stronger flavor than pancetta, but it does have a slightly sweeter taste than traditional American bacon. Experience obviously plays a major role in the success of this brand. Fill your home with the welcoming smell of warm holiday spices with this holiday-spiced whole beef tenderloin with roasted root veggies. Were committed to providing every person with informative and useful content based on experience in the kitchen. It's not bad enough that you'll want to spit it out, but it's annoying enough that you'll know that this isn't the best of the best. Furthermore, this meat does not have the same fatty flavor as traditional capicola ham. As the preparation process is the same, pancetta also features a salty and slightly sweet taste. Why is Libby's the king of the corned beef universe? Iberia Canned Corned Beef, regrettably, is too dry and crumbly. They cooked up great and smelt and looked good. Be sure you know what you're getting before you purchase a can of Underwood Corned Beef Spread. He had put in pure saltpetre instead of the usual 5/95 mix by mistake. Salt mainly contains sodium and is added to foods primarily for flavor. Since theyve already been cooked low and slow, the tissues have been broken down, easily releasing collagen and gelatin into the mix. Sometimes its due in part to bacon or pancetta, or if youre a vegetarian, miso paste and mushrooms, but often the flavor comes from a ham hock, which is a cut of pork thats also known as pork knuckle. Cooking corned beef brisket for maximum slice-ability, Calcium chloride as substitute for sodium chloride. That's because Excelsior Corned Beef has a really strong smell sadly, it's not a pleasant aroma. This supplements the sodium nitrite, which can deplete by 75% over a two week period, far too short for products that cure over an extended period of time. I use it frequently to smoke kielbasa, chorizo, salmon, pastrami, etc. Don't put too much or your senses will be overwhelmed. Be careful here, there are some nasty uses for the other forms of the chemical. Culatello is also cured with salt and it is usually used in recipes that call for saltier meat. The taste is better than what you'd get from Armour, but it's still nothing to write home about. How can I substitute Tender Quick for pink salt + kosher salt? #2 contains the same sodium nitrite/salt solution plus .64 ounces of sodium nitrate per pound of salt. If you're in the market for canned corned beef, however, stay far, far away from this brand. Black Forest ham is typically served cold or at room temperature as an appetizer. Beef bresaola is a type of Italian dry-cured meat thats aged for at least two months. When it comes to the best canned corned beef brand in the world, Hereford is this close to taking the top spot. Can You Use Water Instead of Milk for Pancakes. Brazil, Argentina's neighbor in South America, is the leading manufacturer of canned corned beef. This Underwood product has the consistency of toothpaste, and it has a saltier, stronger flavor than regular canned corned beef. It's definitely above average, but only if you warm it up first. Flavour can also be affected. There are 2 types of cure. First of all, the texture is all wrong. I'm just wondering if it's possible to obtain or substitute the nitrate/nitrites by themselves. @rumtscho Assuming refrigeration and that the beef is going to be eaten before it goes bad, nitrates are optional. While there are other options on the market, this brand does it best. This type of meat is also lower in sodium, making it an appealing option for people who are watching their salt intake. Even if you get lucky and get one of the better cans, you'll still be massively underwhelmed especially when factoring in the price you paid. These not smoked/cooked, but age over time, up to 6 months or more. Deli-sliced chicken can be a perfect kosher substitute for prosciutto. It gained popularity as a kosher substitute for Spam to conveniently and efficiently feed hungry soldiers. This cured sausage is traditionally made from a combination of pork and beef, though 100% beef versions are also available. The turkey ham has less fat than Serrano ham, but its also lower protein. The first brand on this list that you won't regret picking is Great Value. While you might now see them on display at your local grocery store, ask any butcher and they should be able to provide you with ham hocks. If you can power through the distressing initial aroma, your taste buds will find that this corned beef is rather yummy. For a vegetarian or kosher substitute, there are plenty of other ways to build heat and smokiness in a recipe. Both of its products are equally as excellent. Prosciutto is often used in salads, pasta, or many other dishes as a garnish and it adds additional tastiness to the meal. Your email address will not be published. Make your own seasoning and mix the meat into it, which will help you imitate the taste of prosciutto. This brand of canned corned beef is one of the most popular brands on the island, and you'll understand why after the first bite of your corned beef sandwich. Just go to your local pharmacy; they have it. As Bob explains in his answer, nitrites are the preservative, and potassium or sodium nitrates are converted into nitrites during the cure. However, when you go shopping for this brand, you need to be on your toes. Beef jerky has a very intense salty flavor and a slightly chewy texture. It's a little more difficult than picking it up at your local grocery store, of course. Pork knuckle is the joint that attaches the ankle and calf of a pig; this cut of meat contains plenty of connective tissue, skin, tendons, and ligaments. Changing pancetta out wont be affecting the Capicola is ideal as a salad topping or in pasta dishes. They will add savory traces. This type of meat is dry-cured, similar to pancetta ham and capicola ham. These smokey, aged cheeses will imitate and replace the prosciutto taste easily. Hereford Corned Beef is free of added hormones and contains no MSG or gluten. Firstly, from everything I've been able to find online (wikipedia has remarkably little info about nitrates/nitrites as applies to meat curing) there is no substitute for the nitrites. The book may well have been created at a time when ptomaine was the most promising theory in food illness (that's as recently as WWII). WebTasso Ham Alternatives Spicy Chorizo Chorizo, the popular Spanish pork sausage, is usually available as a fermented, cured, smoked sausage. But the safety is not up to modern standards. Everything depends on which part of the animal they come from, so every type of meat requires a different type of preparation. Comparing other brands to this one would be like comparing a steak you'd get at a dirty diner to a steak you'd get at a fancysteakhouse it's not even a fair contest. Sodium nitrate (saltpeter). Sadly, that's just not the case. Ham Hock Substitutes If you cant get your hands on ham hocks, or are in a cooking pinch, you can use bacon, pancetta, guanciale, or smoked pork sausage in place ), Beyond Meat vs. Morningstar Farms (Similarities and Differences Explained), Gardein vs. Rinse off and cook as usual and this turns out very good. (I found a hunting supply website that sells that stuff to use in curing fishing bait.). If pharmacy is uncooperative, or too expensive, but you're lucky enough to have an asian store (Chinese, Vietnamese etc.) Once the aftertaste kicks in, the metallic flavor reemerges. I'm sure saltpeter is potassium nitrate (not nitrite). Salt is a food preservative and flavoring agent. So, is there anything that can be used in place of the sodium nitrate, if used in the proper quantities does its absence or presence have any effect on the flavor of the corned beef, and is there any good place to get it? My little 2 ounce bag of Panda Brand cost all of 49 US cents. Required fields are marked *. Genuine Parma ham is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) food and should hold the Ducal Crown mark issued by the Consorzio del Prosciutto di Parma. That's notable because a lot of the competition on the market tastes extremely processed. The problem is that while products like bacon, guanciale, and pancetta may look very But if you prefer beef, there are options that taste no worse than Serrano ham or pancetta. Before you swallow, you'll be able to detect a pleasing hint of sweetness. The best substitutes for Proscuitto are Ham, Bacon, Pancetta, Salami, Capicola, Guanciale, and Culatello. If you accidentally purchase Hormel Corned Beef instead, you will be mighty disappointed. Theres nothing like a ham hock to add smoky flavor to hearty soups, bean and lentil dishes, stews, greens and other winter fare. While we haven't included every brand of canned corned beef, we've made sure to include all of the most popular brands in this ranking. If you're forced to buy corned beef made by this brand, go with Armour Corned Beef Hash. Instead, this canned corned beef smells like canned dog food that expired many moons ago. This stuff isn't even comparable to the brand's hash. Perhaps you will even find a Parma ham substitute that you will like more than Parma ham itself! It is also easy to find and you can use it as a replacement in many recipes. Grace was founded in Jamaica a century ago. Stewed tomatoes usually contain. (Answered!)Continue. If youre craving capicola ham but youve run out or cant find it, five alternatives will give you a similar flavor and texture: Pancetta ham is Italian bacon, and it is often substituted for capicola ham in recipes. That said, it's still a bottom-tier option when compared to other brands of corned beef hash. See what other Food52 readers are saying. Ask your butcher to saw it into pieces. Capicola is a cured Italian pork shoulder. More than 150 years later, it's safe to say Libby's has mastered the art of this canned meat. The texture is too rubbery, and the flavor is muted right out of the can. Capicola is dry-cured Italian meat made from pork neck muscle. Ham hocks are typically cured with salt and smoked, which brings out the very best flavor of the knuckle. Hello, I am Saurabh and I love cooking. Interestingly, Argentina Corned Beef is made in the United States, which isactually rare to see in this industry. When used in recipes, pancetta can be indistinguishable from Parma ham. From can to can, you never know what to expect. There are good reasons why this is one of America's top-selling corned beef hash. Use equal amounts when replacing and take into consideration smoked ham, sandwich ham, serrano ham, or black forest ham. Canned Corned Beef Brands Ranked From Worst To Best, completely owned and operated by Jamaicans. You can learn about the preparation process of both types of meat in my article here. I always wondered exactly what made the smoke ring. To make matters worse, Ox & Palm recently had to recall nearly 300,000 pounds of canned corned beef. Orange zest, rosemary, Pick your favorite substitute from the list above. you can order it online, usually in quantities far more than you would ever need at home. How to notate a grace note at the start of a bar with lilypond? It easily breaks into tiny pieces and it's not easy to put it back together again. I don't own either, so can't recommend one, but Ruhlman does have a blog where he posted the corned beef recipe from his book. Third of all, this canned meat tastes great if it's hot, cold, or any temperature in between. The only flavor your taste buds will be able to perceive is a dash of saltiness and that's about the extent of it. Milk Substitutes. Traditionally, ham is made of Its made from dry-cured pork cheeks that are prepared with salt, sugar, and herbs. I like my corned beef pink (the gray color is somewhat unappetizing), but more than that I'm concerned about the flavor of the corned beef. Tender Quick is not a direct substitute because it contains mostly salt. The couple of quick searches I did on google backed that up but it is always possible that I am wrong. I have made several of my own corned beef not using any nitrates. It seems like there are two widely available books that people recommend for meat curing: Charcuterie, by Ruhlman, and this one (which seems to get the hardcore purist vote), by Rytek Kutas. This way youll make the pancetta blend in with the other ingredients and give out a very similar taste to prosciutto. It tends to be slightly sweet and salty, making it versatile meat added to almost any recipe. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? I use it every year, and have yet to puke up my tender, red brisket. If you go with the Brookdale Corned Beef Hash, you owe it to yourself to eat it with eggs. Sodium nitrite is the chemical name. However, it is also sold fresh (uncooked). as far as i know, sodium nitrite is sold mixed with salt and died bright red for the purposes of curing meat. 2 stalks celery, chopped 5 cloves garlic, minced 2 tbsp extra virgin olive oil 2 cups split peas, picked over and rinsed 3 bay leaves 5 sprigs thyme 1 smoked turkey leg Secondly, whether you prefer corned beef or corned beef hash, Libby's has you covered. However, if you are craving a ham sandwich or slice of pizza, turkey ham can give you the salty flavor youre looking for without the extra calories. Despite what you might assume, Argentina is just the brand name the South American country has nothing to do with this canned meat. Rather, it is used for sauteing vegetables or as an ingredient in pasta dishes and casseroles. Even if you think Spam is disgusting, you should really give Hormel Corned Beef Hash a try. It even manages to taste like it's fresh beef instead of something that you've taken out of a can. Examples of foods allowed: Meat: Kosher beef, game, lamb, chicken, turkey, duck, goose and fish Dairy: Products Milk, cheese, yogurt (from a kosher certified animal) Parve Fruits, vegetables, eggs, fish*, cereal products, nuts, grains Culatello is prepared the same way as Parma ham, though its made from the thigh muscle cut. Place your pork in a bowl or pot that is large enough to hold the meat completely submerged in the brine, but small enough to fit in your fridge. I sauted bacon, onion, the bone in slice of ham. Pancetta, or otherwise called Italian bacon, is another product that will provide you a very similar taste to prosciutto. Cook potatoes, two lg chopped ones, drain off most of the water, add the bacon, ham diced, and great norther or butter beans. In Dungeon World, is the Bard's Arcane Art subject to the same failure outcomes as other spells? Yes you can omit it from your preparations. If you always heat your canned corned beef before eating it, go ahead and pick up a can of Goya with confidence. The salty and spicy flavors of capicola allow it to be eaten on its own. You can learn about all the differences in the preparation and taste of Parma ham and prosciutto in my article here. Also, be careful not to use sweet-cured capicola, because it wont provide the same taste and flavor that you are looking for. The flavor is a beautiful marriage of beef and salt with nothing else interrupting the proceedings. Its made by dry-curing meat and then smoking it over fruitwood or hardwood. But after about the third bite I was throwing up violently. We had associate whom made some sausages from one of our animals and we tried some. Compared to other brands, this shredded corned beef is firmer and less fatty. You can replace these two types of meat when making carbonara or other types of pasta dishes, also guanciale can be eaten raw so use in salads or other types of cold meals. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Even the most hoity-toity food snob has to admit that canned corned beef can be yummy. HomeKitchenTalk.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. It is definitely possible to buy (food-grade!) cooked I've got the smoked turkey leg, what else can I make? Since the very beginning back in 1869, the company has focused on canned corned beef. The #1 indicates a preparation of 6.25% sodium nitrite and 93.75% regular salt. You would have better luck finding a recipe that was meant to use Tender Quick, though. )Continue, Read More Best Guanciale Substitute: Alternatives to ConsiderContinue, Read More Prosciutto vs. Capicola (Similarities and Differences Explained)Continue, Read More Can You Freeze Serrano Ham? The best option is to use smoked thin sliced bacon as it will provide a very similar taste as if you have used prosciutto. Prosciutto is a cured, air-dried meat, meaning it is uncooked and unsmoked. WebStep 3. All of its canned meats will leave a smile on your face when it comes to how each product tastes. WebThe best substitutes for Proscuitto are Ham, Bacon, Pancetta, Salami, Capicola, Guanciale, and Culatello. Saltpeter is also available at the drug store (chemists in the UK). The best corned beef is moist when you take it out of the can. Genuine Italian prosciutto is quite hard to find in US stores and may be expensive. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The most common and probably the first product that comes to mind is ham. AC Op-amp integrator with DC Gain Control in LTspice. Mutually exclusive execution using std::atomic? Are non-brisket cuts suitable for corned beef? It is pork meat that comes from the loin or fillet of the leg. Unfortunately, not all canned corned beef brands are equally scrumptious. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. These include culatello, capicola, and guanciale. It's bursting with flavors and it's surprisingly hearty. Prosciutto is the closest substitute to Parma ham. Like the aforementioned Chef-mate Corned Beef Hash, the greasy flavor of this product will have you thinking twice before buying this brand again. Today, the company and its subsidiaries operate across the Caribbean, U.K., and Central and North America. Before you head to one of its stores, however, be sure to add this corned beef to your shopping list it's without question one of itsbest canned foods. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The difference in the ham is in the saltiness, ham is less salty than prosciutto. It has a darker color and milder flavor than prosciutto, with sweet, musty, and nutty undertones. Its made from lean cuts of beef that are salted and marinated in spices. If you dont like prosciutto or simply you want to use some other alternatives, you can easily replace it by using chicken or turkey bacon. Here are the details on what you are asking. Add the cold brine to the pork, and lay a heavy plate on top of the floating meat to keep it submerged. Even though it doesn't rank number one on this list, it's definitely worth trying at least once in your life. ), Best Guanciale Substitute: Alternatives to Consider, Prosciutto vs. Capicola (Similarities and Differences Explained), You can learn about all the differences in the preparation and taste of Parma ham and prosciutto in my article here, You can learn about the preparation process of both types of meat in my article here, How to Tell if Pork Sausage Is Bad (Explained! If youre looking for a change from the usual types of ham, capicola might be a good choice. This particular type of bacon has a slightly different taste from traditional American bacon. When you see its elevated price tag, you may justify it by thinking you're getting a high-quality product. Salted pork, ham bone, bacon are perfect to replace ham hock but still give you a similar taste. However, what if you dont have any left and cant find it in your market? While lesser brands are known to use fillers, this canned meat is 98% beef. Iberia is a brand that has been around since 1930 and can be found in Spain, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the United States. Ham is a processed meat product made of pork, in general. Good points. Given that, there is no way I'd use the 99% pure form of sodium nitrite even if it is labeled food grade. (Solved! Salami is also a type of meat that comes from Italy, and its made out of a cured sausage that contains fermented and air-dried meat. There are many different flavors of ham: maple-cured, honey-cured, smokehouse. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Table salt is usually iodized, mean ing it contains iodine, which helps prevent goiter. You can find them on any website that sells sausage making supplies (casings, stuffers, etc). Mushrooms are always a good idea that can be used to replace prosciutto. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Kosher and halal meat are never made from pork. That's all you need to do to make a wonderful meal. The taste is surely good. Just like the prosciutto, it can be eaten raw and when used in cooking, bacon can add a very delicate and nice touch to your meal. Why do academics stay as adjuncts for years rather than move around? Exeter's corned beef can looks like something that you would find in the back of your grandmother's cupboard, or like a piece in an antique collection. I've heard that you can replace the salt in your recipe with Tender Quick, and drop the saltpeter, and have a success. Salt tsp. That said, despite the positives, the smell is all you'll remember about this brand. )Continue, Read More How to Cut Guanciale (Explained! Another very similar meat to prosciutto that will make a good replacement is salami. Ham Hock Substitutes If you cant get your hands on ham hocks, or are in a cooking pinch, you can use bacon, pancetta, guanciale, or smoked pork sausage in place of them. Of course, you can also substitute Parma ham for any kosher or halal meat, such as deli meat or pastrami. Cook them until they are caramelized. In that case, you may have to cook it before using it in a recipe. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? You can also use other parts of the pig that are packed with flavor but less prized like jowl bacon, pig trotter (the feet), or the ears. Its similar in flavor, texture, and appearance. Yes, pink salt is often used in food preparations. Otherwise, keep reading this ranking to find a brand that is tasty no matter the temperature. I'm writing my own answer so I can include some links. Be kind to yourself and just say no to this brand. Thanks to the other answerers, that definitely helped give me a good starting point. Despite the pedigree of its ubiquitous parent company, Chef-mate Corned Beef Hash is so boring that you'll yawn after you experience your first mouthful. Ham hock recipe. If you make the mistake of using a heap of this spread to make a sandwich, you'll likely be grossed out and wonder why this brand isn't at the bottom of this ranking. In Al Dente's Kosher Kollard Green thread, he asked what would be a good substitute for ham hocks and the solution was to use a smoked turkey leg. I would check online, or at specialty stores. in your area you'll find that most of them sell 'Nitre Granules', also called "muoi diem". Prosciutto ham is usually served in thin slices. Generally, Serrano ham can be a good Parma ham substitute, but only if you dont mind losing the sweet flavor undertones. I realize there is another question about corned beef from scratch, but the answers don't really cover my question. But the final result is never quit the same. Capicola ham is one of the most popular types of ham globally. The texture also tends to be drier, which gives it a shredded look. No matter how you prepare it, you'll be met with a deluge of flavorless grease. Check the deli of your grocery store and be sure to ask for the Kosher chicken which is This meat comes from the cheek of pork. While you can substitute Parma ham for beef, any Italian cured pork type remains the best alternative to prosciutto. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Substitute Cooking 2023 - All Right Reserved. Why you need to start cooking with this part of the pig, stat. When the meat first enters your mouth, the metallic flavor will instantly hit you. I'm no where near good enough at math to be sure I wouldn't kill myself with it. Is there any other substitute of papaya paste to tenderize the mutton or beef? Despite its name, Serrano ham production isnt limited to the Serrano region of Spain the meat can be made in any Spanish region but not outside of Spain. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? As the name implies, this canned meat is a spread not just regular corned beef. If you are looking for a meat-free alternative, the following foods might be the closest thing to ham on offer. @2023 AmericasRestaurant | All Rights Reserved, The 5 Best Substitutes for Vodka in Vodka Sauce, The 5 BEST & Healthy Substitutes for Alfredo Sauce, The 5 Best Substitutes for Pickling Spice, The 5 Best Substitutes for Italian Dressing. As I am on a Sodium restricted diet due to high BPH, I had thought that Corned Beef was merely a very fond memory for me. Hence, Americans often search for a worthy Parma ham substitute. Use equal amounts or adapt by your own taste. Serrano ham is considered one of the most popular types of ham in the world. This includes salt curing and air drying the meat before cooking it. Web1. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Get the recipe for bean soup with ham hocksor turkey.
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