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Edmund Randolph (1753-1813) was the seventh Governor of Virginia, the second Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General during George Washington's presidency. He is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time, and is best known for the novels War and Peace (1869) and Anna Karenina (1877), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. Today J2b1 is most common in the western Balkans (Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia) and Cyprus. Matt Lauer (b. (2015) tested the Y-DNA of 13 Early Neolithic farmers from the Barcn site (6500-6200 BCE) in north-western Anatolia, and only one of them belonged to haplogroup J2a. Last update February 2023. Other ducal lineages descended from illegitimate sons of King Charles II include the Dukes of Cleveland (extinct in 1891), the Dukes of Grafton, the Dukes of St Albans, and the Dukes of Richmond (combined with the Dukedoms of Lennox and Gordon). This is the case of the Asakura clan. Haplogroup J2 is widely believed to be associated with the spread of agriculture from the northern Fertile Crescent, the Levant, and Anatolia [2], [3].This connection is supported by its age (8,500 +/- 3,500 thousand years ago) , which is very close to the beginning of the Neolithic, its distribution, which is centered in West Asia and Southeastern Europe, as well as its association with the . Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), the 30th President and 29th Vice President of the United States, was identified as a member of haplogroup I1 according to testing of relatives. In fact, it seems that many branches of J2a (e.g. The J-M172 haplogroup also called J2-M172, is an ancient haplogroup estimated as first appearing 24,000 to 19,000 years ago but perhaps earlier. The main branch descends from Elizabeth Gordon, daughter of Sir Adam Gordon, who married Alexander Seton in 1408. Haplogroup J1 subgroup, and J1-M267, J-P58. The Rothschild family, who established an international banking business, acquired the largest fortune in modern world history and established a true dynasty in the 19th century, apparently belonged to haplogroup J2a1-Y23457 (under M67, Z467 and Y15238) based on the results from the Rothschild DNA Project and of the J2-M172 Haplogroup Research. (2017)). General George C. Marshall (1880-1959) was an American solider and statesman who served as Chief of Staff under presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman, then as Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense under Truman. Famous members include Richard Lee I (16171664), founder of the family and wealthy landowner, Richard Henry Lee (1732-1794), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, and General Robert E. Lee (1807-1870), who was commander of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Members of the House of Wettin include the Kings Edward VII, George V, Edward VIII and George VI of the United Kingdom, all the Kings of the Belgians, the Kings of Portugal from 1853 to 1910, the Kings of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1946, several Kings of Poland and Grand Dukes of Lithuania, the Margraves of Meissen from 1075 to 1423, the Electors of Saxony from 1423 to 1806, the Kings of Saxony from 1806 to 1918, and the rulers of the numerous smaller Saxon duchies. The most famous member of the clan was probably the astronaut Neil Armstrong, who was the first person to walk on the Moon, and who took with him a piece of the Clan Armstrong tartan. According to the Y-DNA testing of two illegitimate descendants of Prince Albert of Prussia (18091872), Geoffrey Rockel and Franz Rockel, the House of Hohenzollern would belong to haplogroup I2-P78 > Y7219. Scientists make inferences of descent as hypotheses which could be disproved or modified by future research. The Indo-Aryans pursued their southward expansion, invading northern Pakistan and northwest India from 1800 BCE to 1500 BCE, and eventually bringing about the demise of the Indus Valley Civilisation around 1300 BCE. The Polish princely House of Lubomirski appears to belong to haplogroup J2b2a-L283 > Z585 > Z628 > Y15058 (aka CTS3617) according to the testing of a member of the family (reportedly Ladislas Jean Lubomirski, father of the photographer Alexi Lubomirski) at Family Tree DNA. As part of the same analysis, mitochondrial types were determined for four further individuals, thought to have been the Royal Physician and servants. The researcher reported that the tested members of these clans with a confirmed paper trail all belonged to the Norwegian variety of R1a-L448, and more specifically to the subclade L176.1, which to date has been found almost exclusively among the descendants of Somerled. The original researchers also stated they had not been consulted by iGENEA before it published the haplogroup information. On 12 September 2012, archeologists from the University of Leicester announced that they had discovered what they believed were the remains of King Richard III of England (1452-1485) within the former Greyfriars Friary Church in the city of Leicester (see Exhumation of Richard III). The J-M172 (Y-DNA) haplogroup is defined by the M172 SNP DNA marker. J2a levels would have been higher among the Greeks than the Etruscans, and particularly among the insular Greeks that colonised Magna Graecia. William McKinley (1843-1901), the 25th president of the United States, probably belonged to haplogroup R1b-L21 > DF13 > L1335 > S764 based on the results from the MacKinlay DNA Project (descendant of James McKinley b. He was a co-developer of Morse code and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy. According to the Buchanan DNA Project, most members of the Highlands Scottish Clan Buchanan belong to haplogroup R1b-L21 > DF13 > L1335 > L1065 > S744 > S691 > S695. I only wrote that Hitler's haplogroup is E1b1b, being more common among Afroasiatic speakers than among overall Germans. Mulders commented: I never wrote that Hitler was a Jew, or that he had a Jewish grandfather. The Hata clan of Japan, said to have originated in China under the Chinese surname Qin and immigrated to Japan during the Kofun period (250538). One of his patrilineal descendants was identified as a member of haplogroup E-V13 > Z17107. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. The first President of the United States, George Washington (1732-1799), may well have belonged to R1b-L21. They claim descent from the 4th-century Irish king Niall of the Nine Hostages. Braxton Bragg (1817-1876) was an American army officer during the Second Seminole War and MexicanAmerican War and later a Confederate army officer who served as a general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. The Polish princely House of Lubomirski appears to belong to haplogroup J2b2a-L283 > Z585 > Z628 > Y15058 (aka CTS3617) according to the testing of a member of the family (reportedly Ladislas Jean Lubomirski, father of the photographer Alexi Lubomirski) at Family Tree DNA. Two others' mtDNA are A[1]. Larmuseau et al. Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, belonged to haplogroup R1b-P312 > Z30597 based on the testing of a descendant of his grandfather, Judge James Wilson (1787-1850) at the Wilson DNA Project (Genetic Family ZZN). The vast majority of J2b lineages belong to J2b2 and its subclades. (2010), who had analysed the DNA from a handkerchief dipped in the presumptive blood of Louis XVI after his execution, as well as by Charlier et al. the Buba clan of the Lemba tribe of South. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup J-L70 was born between the years 2499 and 1333 BCE. Cordell Hull (1871-1955) was an American politician from Tennessee and the longest-serving U.S. Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (19331944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during most of World War II. These results contradict earlier studies by Lalueza-Fox et al. A study by Chuan-Chao Wang et al. Text . Although little data is available at present about deep clades in Crete or Aegean Greece, the parts of Italy that were colonised by Ionic and Doric Greeks, notably Sicily, Calabria and Basilicata, possess substantial percentages of typically Caucasian haplogroups, such as G2a-L297, J1-Z1828 and J2a-L581, as well as considerable levels of Middle Eastern and Caucasian autosomal admixture by European standards. According to Linday International, descendants from this lineage belong to haplogroup I2a1a-S21825 > Y4213 > Y4192 > L1287 > L233 > A8462 > FT11343 (aka Y36039), with a most recent common ancestor going back about 1000 years ago. Numerous descendants tested at the Custer DNA Project and were found to belong to haplogroup I2-L801 > Z161 > L623. Chinese DNA testing company 23mofang tested the Y-DNA of various descendants of emperors of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and determined they must have belonged to O-MF12415 (a deep clade of N7 with a shared common ancestor who lived only 700 years ago). Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), the 16th president of the United States, appears to have belonged to R1b-U152 > L2 > Z142 > Z150 > S20376 > S20376. Yo-Yo Ma (b. Other Drakes also turned up with the same haplotype. American writer and Nobel Prize laureate William Faulkner (1897-1962) was a member of haplogroup I1-Z60 > Z140 > Z141 according to results from the Faulconer DNA Project. The remains of the great Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio (1571-1610) were excavated to confirm the circumstances of his mysterious death at the age of 38. (11%), Caucasus (8%) and North Africa (6%). Based on the data from the Habsburg Family Project, there is a high likelihood that the haplogroup of the House of Habsburg was R1b-U152 > L2 > Z41150 > DF90 > FGC59564. 1970), seems to belong to haplogroup I2-M284 > L1195 > Y3709 > FT63416 according to the Vaughn Surname Project. A forensic analysis was conducted by McCall et al. 1947), the renowned American author of contemporary horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy, belongs to haplogroup I2-L801 > Z170 > CTS6433 > S2364 > S2361 > Z78 > CTS8584 > Z185 > Z180 > L1198 > FT73935 > Y6060 > Y5748 > Y46018 > Y7272 according to genealogical research. Haplogroup J has an estimated age of about 45,000 years. Prof. Kozowski announced that the prince belonged to haplogroup R1b, and therefore probably also other members of that royal lineage, including all the Dukes of Masovia (1138-1526), as long as no non-paternity event took place. [33] In YFull's YTree a more detailed position is given for his Y-DNA under I-Y3120's subclades Y4460 > Y3106 > Y91535.[34]. Nathan Bedford Forrest (1821-1877) was a prominent Confederate Army general during the American Civil War, renowned as a cavalry leader and military strategist. His two wives were all princesses of Yuan Dynasty. The branch found in the western Balkans (Y22069) is distinct from the East Mediterranean and Caucasian branch. Yehia Z Gad and his team at the Ancient DNA lab of the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization in Cairo retrieved the DNA of several members of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt (c. 15501295 BCE), which included Amenhotep I to III, Thutmose I to IV, Hatshepsut, Akhenaten and Tutankhamun. The most famous member was probably Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury who served as British prime minister three times for a total of over thirteen years under Queen Victoria. The acclaimed theoretical physicist Albert Einstein is presumed to have belonged to Y-haplogroup E-Z830 based on the results from a patrilineal descendant of Naphtali Hirsch Einstein Albert . Noble burials of Mongols in the Yuan dynasty in Shuzhuanglou Site (northernmost Hebei, China, 700YBP) were excavated. His son, Richard Taylor (1826-1879) was a Lieutenant General in the CSA and became army commander in the Trans-Mississippi Theater. Through a founding effect, J2b2-L283 lineages might have considerably increased their original frequency after reaching Illyria. [60], Analysis of two beard hairs revealed that Napoleon Bonaparte belonged to Y haplogroup E1b1b1c1* (E-M34*).[61]. William Welles Hollister, a famous Californian rancher, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1a1. Geneticist Spencer Wells further clarified that his subclade is I2-M223 CTS616+ at the Genetic Genealogy Ireland 2014 Conference. Other European Y-DNA haplogroups include Haplogroup N2 (Finland and Russia), Q (Norway), G (central and southern Europe), J2 (the eastern Mediterranean and Ashkenazi Jews), and T (the Mediterranean). As president, he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933. (1304-1374), the famous humanist, scholar and poet from the Early Italian Renaissance. If this is correct, it could mean that all Japanese emperors and a great number of daimyo (feudal lords) and samurai families would have belonged to haplogroup D1b1a2, if non-paternity events did not occur. The Y-DNA from the Proto-Rurikid branches is N1c1 and matches the distinctive haplotype of the Monomakhoviches. According to the O'Neill DNA Project, the latter's probable lineage was R1b-L21 > DF13 > DF49 > Z2980 > Z2976 > DF23 > Z2961 > S645 > Z2965 > M222 > Y2605 > Y2841 > DF104 > DF109 (aka DF105), which split into 29 branches. Clan chiefs of Highland Scottish Clan Munro (Munros of Foulis) belong to haplogroup I2a1a-L161.1 > S2639 > A812 > Y12072 > Y12070 > PF4135 > Y11772 > Y12075 > Y12073, based on the testing of numerous clan members at Munro DNA Project.The American statesman James Monroe (1758-1831), one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the 5th President of the United States from 1817 to 1825, was a descendant of the clan. [28], Yuya was Tutankhamun's great grandfather. The Dukes of Berwick, who have been part of the Spanish nobility since 1707, descend from James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of King James II, and therefore also carry the Stewart Y-chromosomal line. The Cochran DNA Project determined that the clan's original lineage is R1a-Z284 > S4458 > S5301 > S5153 > L448 > YP355 > YP609 > YP4252 > YP4248 > YP5007, which confirms the Scandinavian origin of the clan. The Academy Award nominated American actor and a playwright Woody Harrelson (b. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature generally and Southern literature specifically. Dodik was the Prime Minister of Republika Srpska from 1998 until 2001 and from 2006 until 2010 and the President of Republika Srpska from 2010 to 2018. The article explains that 6 million Japanese men (10% of the male population of Japan) carry the same Y-DNA lineage as the Imperial family and that they share a common ancestor about 1000 years ago. The Y-DNA analysis established that The royal male lineage belonged to Y-haplogroup R1b. Joseph Stalin (1878-1953), who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death, was of Georgian origin and belonged to haplogroup G2a1a. Edward was the youngest signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence. Clan MacLean is one of the oldest clans in the Highlands, with origins going back at least to 852. Other European Haplogroups. [50], A 2019 study proposed that the Y lineage of Jochi (Genghis Khan's eldest son) may have been haplogroup C2b1a1b1 (C2), which they identify as a new potential candidate for Genghis Khan's true Y-DNA lineage.[46]. His Y-DNA test showed numerous exact matches with the Wallace surname in Scotland, who within haplogroup I belong overwhelmingly to the rare haplogroup I2c1a2a1a1a (F2044). Custer was descended from This page collects famous members of Y-DNA haplogroup J2 paternal lineage. BY351 based on results from the Arthur/MacArthur DNA Project, as a descendant of Thomas Barnabas Arthur (1680-1725) from Cullybacky, County Antrim, Ireland. Many medieval emperors had illegitimate offspring (Emperor Saga alone fathered 49 children), who were bestowed the surnames Minamoto (Genji), Taira (Heike) or Tachibana, who in turn became powerful aristocratic clans of their own. This page collects famous members of Y-DNA haplogroup J2 (paternal lineage). It was formed by descendants of the original clan, namely Clan Macpherson, Clan MacBean (or McBain) and Clan MacPhail, with the Clan Mackintosh and their cadet branches (Clan Shaw, Clan Farquharson, the Ritchies, and Clan MacThomas), and other clans unrelated by blood such as the MacGillivrays and the Davidson. [42] A patrilineal descendant of Naphtali Hirsch Einstein (17331799), Albert Einstein's great-grandfather, was tested and belonged to E-M35 (E1b1b1). DIS-Filbyter. The O'Neill dynasty is a Gaelic Irish lineage that dominated the northern half of Ireland from the 6th to the 10th century. 8. He has received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999, and the Kennedy Center Honors Award in 2012. Formula One champion Jackie Stuart (b. They would acquire the title of Earl of Tullibardine (1606), Earl of Atholl (1629), Marquess of Atholl (1676), and ultimately Duke of Atholl (1703) to this day. Several branches of the Lowland Scottish Clan Barclay were tested at the Clan Barclay International DNA Project. Geni.com mentions his haplogroup as R1b-M269. However, Dagestani peoples (Dargins, Lezgins, Avars) belong predominantly to haplogroup J1 (84% among the Dargins) and almost completely lack J2 lineages. Present in the vast area from . The remains of Philip Calvert (c.1626-1682), 5th governor of Maryland, were analysed by Reich at al. belonged essentially to Y-haplogroups I2, G2a and E1b1b, with the possible addition of J2 lineages during the Chalcolithic. This includes several cadet branches. This lineage also includes his brother, the producer and director Aaron Norris, and his sons, the actor Mike Norris and the race car driver Eric Norris. Bull-masked terracotta figurines and bull-horned stone altars have been found in Cyprus (dating back as far as the Neolithic, the first presumed expansion of J2 from West Asia). His father was of Romanian Jewish ancestry. (2014) tested the Y chromosomes of seven modern male individuals who claim belonging to Aisin Gioro family, and they concluded that the haplogroup of the Imperial House of Qing Dynasty was C3b2b1*-M401(xF5483). Italy has by far the highest concentration of Z2177 of any country. It survives today in the traditional bullfighting of Andalusia in Spain and Provence in France, two regions with a high percentage of J2 lineages. For anyone scientifically interested in paternal lineage J2, J2a, J2b, etc. According to the testing of numerous relatives, he belonged to I1-Z58 > Z59 > Z60 > CTS7362 > Z73 > Y3657 > Z2900 > Y7654 > S2122 > Y11026 > Y13938 (aka BY2841). 1922), the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981, appears to belong to haplogroup I1 according to the testing of a close relative as indicated on Geni.com. The current Duke of Berwick also hold 3 other dukedoms (including Duke of Alba) and 35 other titles, making him the most titled aristocrat in the world. Solo and with The Police combined, he has sold over 100 million records. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. As such he must have belonged to R1b-U106 > Z381 > Z301 > L48 > L47 > Z159 > FGC15335 according to the Hemingway Y-DNA Project. His sons Valdemar and Magnus suceeded each others as kings of Sweden, and their descendants for one hundred years. His seven-year reign as a crime boss ended when he went to prison at the age of 33. Some contemporary notable figures have made their test results public in the course of news programs or documentaries about this topic; they may be included in this list too. Predicted Y-DNA haplogroup G2a, based on ancient Y-STR profiles. The clan chiefs later held the title of Lord Glamis (from 1445), Earls of Kinghorne (1606), and eventually Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne from 1677 to this day. They were supposedly descended from Robert Wright of Brook Hall, Essex, England, which allowed the Wright Surname DNA Project to isolate their paternal lineage. In this article, Sax states that the methods by which the DNA samples were taken from Hitler's relatives in this study would be disqualified from a reputable journal. All the rest are speculations of journalists who didn't even take the trouble to read my article, although I had it translated into English especially for this purpose. . The Dalcassians are a Gaelic Irish tribe who became powerful during the 10th and 11th centuries, when Brian Boru (941-1014) became High King of Ireland. This corresponds to the time when the Proto-Indo-Europeans started invading Central Europe from the Pontic Steppe. Distribution of haplogroup J2 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa. 1951), was revealed to belong to haplogroup I1 by the PBS TV series Finding Your Roots. They descend from Reynold Bush (1600-1686) who emigrated from England (Fering Parish, Essex) to the Massachusetts colony about 1640. It appears. This region corresponds to the BactriaMargiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), also known as the Oxus civilization, which flourished between 2300 and 1700 BCE. The Lincoln DNA Project tested several descendants from Samuel "the weaver" Lincoln, who was Abraham Lincoln's great-great-great-great-grandfather, and they all share the same haplotype. Clan Campbell is historically one of the largest and most powerful of the Scottish Highland clans. 1957) a former American television news anchor. The Confederate States Army general J. E. B. Stuart (1833-1864) descends from the Baronet of Castle Stuart and therefore belonged to the same lineage. The haplogroup of the celebrated Russian writer Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy, usually known as Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), was inferred by testing one of his descendants, Pyotr Tolstoy. Geni Wiki Projects Page. Ancient Remains, List of haplogroups of famous Japanese people, "Famous peoples Y DNA and mt DNA haplotypes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_haplogroups_of_historic_people&oldid=1138776630, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 15:07. Winston Churchill lauded Marshall as the "organizer of victory" for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II. He also served as first governor of South Carolina after the Declaration of Independence, while he brother was the 10th governor. As a result, both the Illyrians and the Mycenaeans (and possibly the Albanians) would be descended from Middle to Late Bronze Age Steppe migrants to the Southeast Europe, in a migration that was particularly rich in J2b lineages from the Middle Volga region. Chromo 2 Y-DNA Y-SNPs covered from the current research tree. Birger Jarl, the founder of Stockholm, the modern capital of Sweden, belonged to Y Haplogroup I-M253, according to Andreas Carlsson at the National Board of Forensic Medicine of Sweden. They were elevated to the rank of count in 1595, then prince of the Holy Roman Empire in 1647. While the Maykop culture was closely linked to the Yamnaya culture in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe and is thought to be associated with Proto-Indo-European speakers and Y-haplogroups R1a and R1b, the Kura-Araxes culture would have allowed the diffusion of Y-haplogroup J1 and J2a around the Middle East, taking over the Neolithic societies primarily associated with Y-haplogroup G2a and G2b. The Earl is the hereditary clan chief of Clan Boyle, whose ancestors came from the Norman town of Beauville near Caen. They identified them as a members of haplogroup R1a. The American actor, producer, writer, and director Tom Hanks (b. offered since late 2013 by BritainsDNA and associated companies ScotlandsDNA, IrelandsDNA and YorkshiresDNA. R1a members of the Cooper DNA Project belong to the Scandinavian/Scottish R1a-Z284 > L448 branch. The most famous member Pavel Tsitsianov (1754-1806), an Imperial Russian military commander and infantry general who also served as head of the Russian troops in Georgia and Viceroy of the Caucasus. In that case, Napoleon III would be the grandson of Prince Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Prigord. They became the ancestors of a number of kuge (court aristocrat) families like the Ichij, Nij, Konoe, Kuj, Saionji and Takatsukasa, as well as of samurai clans, such as the Adachi, Ashikaga (Fujiwara), Azai, Date, Gam, Honda, Ii, It, Katakura, Kikkawa, Nabeshima, Niwa, Ryzji, Shni, Tsugaru, Uesugi and Utsunomiya, among many others. The Gordon DNA Project identified the aristocratic Seton-Gordon line as R1b-U106 > Z2265 > S12025 > FGC52782 > FGC15048 (and matching people with the surname Seaton). [45], He was the sixth President of the U.S. His Y-DNA Haplogroup was R1b1.[45]. William Howard Taft (1857-1930), the 27th President of the United States and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States, belonged to R1b-U106 > Z381 > Z301 >Z30 > Z338 > FGC1954 according to the results from the Taaffe DNA Project (descendant of Robert Taft, 1640-1725). Therefore, they indicate the genetic lines of people and the regions they come from that are the oldest we've been able to identify. J2b is also absent from western and central Anatolia, but is present in eastern Anatolia and western Iran, as well as in the Volga-Ural region, notably among the Mordvins, Chuvashs and Tatars. He is the ancestor of at least 2 descendant lineages known as J-M410 and J-M102. However, the testing of actual relatives, published on the Serbian DNA Project at Poreklo, showed that his Y-DNA line was more probably R1a-M458 (L1029 subclade). They established that both men belonged to haplogroup E-M34, a subclade which is thought to have reached Mediterranean Europe from the Levant during the Neolithic period. The DNA of King Bla III of Hungary (c. 1148-1196) was tested by Olasz et al. A second expansion would have occured with the advent of metallurgy. 1955) is a Chinese-American cellist. Results file with ~2000 chromo2Y results. John was one of the original Associate Justices of the Supreme Court and as its second Chief Justice. The team that analysed the Eighteenth Dynasty mummies disputed a claim later made by the personal genomics company iGENEA regarding Tutankhamun's Y-DNA profile. My Fathers was J2 subclade J-Z631 and traced his Elliott surname from Merseyside back to 1600s Warwickshire UK so far. John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943) and his brother Will Keith Kellogg (1860-1951), the inventors of the corn flakes and founders of the Kellog's breakfast cereal brand, belonged to I1-Z58 > Z138 > S2293 > S6277 > Y16450 > A14623 based on relative testing. The Rothschild family, who established an international banking business, acquired the largest fortune in modern world history and established a true dynasty in the 19th century, apparently belonged to haplogroup J2a1-L210 (a subclade of M67) based on the results from the Rothschild DNA Project and of the J2-M172 Haplogroup Research. He almost surely belongs to a branch under Q-Y2200. The M4 Sherman, the most widely used medium tank by the Allies in World War II, was named after General Sherman. The most prominent members were King Robert II of Scotland, Kings James I, Charles I, Charles II and James II of England & Ireland. Oxen were used to draw wheeled carts and camels were domesticated in this region c. 2500 BCE, just before the start of this civilization. As a minor lineage within the R1a-Z93 dominant populations, it would have expanded from the Volga-Ural region to Central and South Asia with the Indo-Aryan invasions approximately from 4,300 to 3,500 years ago. It is also common amongst Bedouins. Notable family members included James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, who served as viceroy and captain general of Scotland, and John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee, a Jacobite hero who rallied Highland clans loyal to King James VII. He was the principal songwriter, lead singer, and bassist for the new wave rock band The Police from 1977 to 1984, before launching a solo career. GENERAL NOTES: Haplogroup I2 is the most common variant of haplogroup I. [66] Somerled belongs to haplogroup R1a1. While J2b* and J2b1 lineages are mostly restricted to the Caucasus, eastern Anatolia and the Balkans, J2b2 is found throughout Europe, in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe, in Central Asia and in South Asia, particularly in India. In the 17th century, the Barclay de Tolly, a branch of the Barclay of Towie from Banffshire, migrated to Mecklenburg, and later to what is now Latvia and Lithuania. The Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837), who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature, probably belonged to R1a-Z92 > YP617 > YP682 according to the testing of a distant cousin descending from Gregory "Pushka" Alexandrovich Morhinin, founder of the Pushkin family (reported on the Serbian genealogy website poreklo.rs).