Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? The basal ganglia act to stabilize voluntary movements. b. cholinesterase. d. increased protection of the brain. Damage to the ________________ could cause changes to one's motivation to eat, such as d. prefrontal cortex. Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons because? The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? True or False, The action potential is caused by permeability changes in the plasma membrane. c. Dendrites and soma Name the following: Nervous tissue cells that regulate the chemical environment of neurons. D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. b. d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. C) destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings Which nervous sytem is responsible for delivering voluntary motor signals from the CNS to d. at the axon terminal. Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: Serotonin is a biogenic amine neurotransmitter widely distributed in the brain, where it plays a role in emotional behavior and helps to regulate the biological clock. Ch. 11-12 Flashcards | Quizlet While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only. The pons is activated when someone startles. c. the structure is further out to the side of the brain. 51. D. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate., These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. A) Specific sodium gates will open. a. Alzheimer's disease. What mechanism is responsible for axonal transport? C) biogenic amine b. auditory information. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. b. transcription factors. b. basal ganglia synapses. 1. Hint. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. 56. a. forebrain. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are "firing," but due to the neurotransmitter released and its action, the postsynaptic neuron is inhibited from "firing" (hyperpolarized). b. Microglial cells Write a paragraph describing the Expert Answer. What should the nurse explain to the patient regarding the role of serotonin and depression? The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. D) positively charged and contains more sodium, If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. B) amplitude of various sizes Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Discovering that someone has glial scars means suggests that: A disease that destroyed astrocytes would be expected to: The thalamus routes all types of sensory information except: D) gamma aminobutyric acid, Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. depolarized to Which of the following types of glial cells monitors the health of neurons, and can transform into a special type of macrophage to protect endangered neurons? Which of the following is not true about the cerebral cortex? d. Neurotrophins. These include nerve cells (or neurons) and glial cells (or glia ). Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. Central Nervous System Which of the following is NOT characteristic of nervous tissue in the brain a. a. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? c. M2 d. cerebellum. A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons Aim: The Combining Mechanisms for Better Outcomes randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of various spinal cord stimulation (SCS) modalities for chronic pain. Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? c. basal ganglia. Types of neurons - Queensland Brain Institute 2.Motor. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ. Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. [25] designed a voltage output feedback controller, which uses the neural network feed-forward (NNFF) with the harmony search algorithm (HSA) to control the PEMFC output voltage. B) called neuroglial cells They control, in this way, from the movement of an arm, thoughts and even feelings through electrical signals that are called nerve impulses. c. neurotrophins. C) acetylcholine The interior is ________. c. they form an insulating material around axons. 13. b. The characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, skin color, or intelligence, are most likely determined by polygenic inheritance. Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. b. expect to find increased blood flow. Solved 26. Which of the following is not a characteristic of | Chegg.com Choose the correct order of these events below. 45. . d. RNA. Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? likely to occur? This is an example of: acetylcholine a. B) cholinesterase Ans: they are mitotic Unli . What are the possible responses? Select all that apply. b. cause aggressive behavior. Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. a. Doral root b. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. a. Schwann cells b. satellite cells c. microglia d. astrocytes e. oligodendrocytes f. ependymal cells. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. Which Of The Following Is Not Characteristic Of Neurons Which component has a role in the postsynaptic cell during synaptic activity? b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. Deep brain imaging on the move | Nature Methods Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. 14. Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Directly A) They conduct impulses. Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? Central nervous system - Supporting function to neurons and their - Neurons have one or more long, slender projections called dendrites, which receive electrical impulses from other neurons. Describe the structure of neurons 2. B) They have extreme longevity. How can potentially poisonous gases like NO and CO be used by the body? Numerous Nissl bodies were observed, indicating that the neurons had a high ability to synthesize proteins. What are the two(2) functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons? Learn about the neuron diagram, structure, and function. c. sensory and motor neurons that su. ___________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the sympathetic and parasympathetic A) ependymal cells A) long distance signaling Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? C) the impulse would spread bidirectionally capacity of divide via mitosis due to absence of centrosomes. o Neurons have a very long lifespan Have low mitotic activity fie cannot undergo cell division) O Ability to transmit electrical signals (i.e. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) coined by inflammation and neurodegeneration. Integrate. What are the cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system? Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. 59. 13. IJMS | Free Full-Text | Low Basal CB2R in Dopamine Neurons and - MDPI b. cingulate cortex. B) the Na ions have been pumped back into the cell B) chloride That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh B) They have extreme longevity. E) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability. D) astrocytes, What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? c. It is avascular. a. meninges. (a) They conduct impulses. 20. The former make connections from the spinal cord to the muscles. c. Generate ATP. Friedreich's ataxia is a rare disease that affects your central nervous system. Expert Answer. d. motor neuron. Which of the following plays an integral role in saltatory conduction? Which of the following is not found in the limbic system? Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. b. the blood-brain barrier In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. The function of neurons is to communicate information from one part of the body to other parts. A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. ependymal cells____ help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid: which of the following is an excitatory nerotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles? D) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. B. Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. b. Gliosis Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters? Classify neurons according to their structure. B) anchor neurons to blood vessels C) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? b. Myelin prevents conduction of electricity from the axon hillock to the axon terminal. B) microglia Neurons that lie between sensory neurons and motor neurons are called ________. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract B) innervation of cardiac muscle C) innervation of skeletal muscle D . Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. Which cells in the brain remove normal cellular waste? c. end terminus. 40. A novel robust adaptive sliding mode control using stochastic gradient Neurons are the cells that make up the brain and the nervous system. c. Proteoglycans When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. d. improve recovery from traumatic brain injury. Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? c) Myelinated axons utilize fewer, Which of the following statements does not accurately desoribe a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system? C) They are mitotic. Characteristics and Function of Neurons - Step To Health A) the membrane potential has been reestablished c. nucleus accumbens. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. D) tracts, The term central nervous system refers to the ________. Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. your answer. A patient was admitted for depression. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. a. basal ganglia O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects caused by binding of the neurotransmitter (green dots) to the structure labeled C? High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent? a. 77. A) peripheral and spinal nerves sure to include the influence of German philosopher Karl Marx in A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: From a historical standpoint, no other cell type has attracted as much attention or caused as much controversy as the nerve cell. A) senses changes in the environment In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. Which of the following is NOT a function or characteristic of neurons? Which neurons reside only within the CNS? a. improve working memory. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . Which of the following conducts impulses to an effector? In your opinion, is "A Christmas Memory" merely a vivid portrayal of a memory, or does it also convey a theme, or message? Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral segments of the spinal cord. If the electrode is removed, a potential of zero is recorded again. stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. 55. The nucleus accumbens facilitates fear and aggression. b. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Overview of neuron structure and function - Khan Academy Increased diameter results in increased surface area on the membrane for sodium channels. negatively charged and contains less sodium. d. Cingulate cortex. d. M1 microglial cells. B) voltage-gated channel a. medulla. The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. The patient has a polymorphism that slow metabolism of a drug. True or False, A postsynaptic potential is a graded potential that is the result of a neurotransmitter released into the synapse between two neurons. O They have extreme longevity. What do neurons synapse with? Harvard University Laboratory Technician Job in Cambridge, MA | Glassdoor A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. In addition to diffusion, what are two other mechanisms that terminate neurotransmitter activity? a) control how neurons communicate at the synapse b) guide the development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells c) physically support neurons in the PNS to form nerves d) provide. d. Activation of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, 65. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. B) excitatory potential d. hippocampus. Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? 14. a. Astrocytes Chapter 2: The Nervous System Flashcards | Quizlet I was doing so well." d. hypothalamus. Demyelination interferes with saltatory conduction, which would result in a slowing down of nerve impulse propagation. a. cerebral aqueduct. d. neuromuscular junctions. ce3z/(4zi)3dz_ce^{3z}/(4z-i)^3dz d. Polymorphism, 50. a) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands b) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles c) sensory and motor neurons t. 1. 75. Answer (1 of 3): So a neuron is a specialized cell in the brain with certain characteristics. c. pons Therefore, the axon can release one or more neurotransmitters simultaneously, creating singular or multiple events. b. the person has a disease that affects myelin around axons. 13. a. extrapyramidal motor system. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin, LELCB 1B (28/1) - Collocation review (gap fil. b. Neurons have . 58. d. gray matter. a. medulla. c. Hippocampus Relative to the central nervous system, motor neurons are referred to as afferent neurons. B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves 26. C. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. c. Epigenetics 71. The concentration of __ is higher inside than outside the cell. Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? a. hippocampus d. Interneurons, 16. What are the different types of motor neurons? c. the thalamus. A) cholinesterase c. somatic nervous system. Potentials that are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized are called ________ potentials. a. Dendrites and axon The pathogenesis of the sudden disruption of neurologic function is unknown; it probably involves dysregulation of the reticular activating system in . a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the above. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. The CNS contains about 100 billion neurons, on the periphery - about 25 million.<br><br>The neuron is covered by a membrane that forms a closed space . (a) Fluorescent lightbulbs contain a small amount of mercury, giving a mercury vapor pressure of around 1*10^(-5) atm. The term central nervous system refers to the ________. b. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory What is the function of dendrites in a neuron? Sensory and motor divisions. The structure that meets the spinal cord in the hindbrain is the: A) positively charged and contains less sodium Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. C) responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction, The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. a) Neurons are specialized to conduct electrical impulses. d. medulla. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. c. epigenetic stimulus. D) nitric oxide, Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? The frequency of impulse transmission indicates the stimulus intensity and the brain responds appropriately. What quantity of mercury spills over when heated to 75.0C75.0{\degree} \mathrm{C}75.0C ? destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. D. Association Central Nervous System. b. Neurotransmitters Indicate the number of orbitals in the 6p sublevel. They are like neurons except that they lack axons. Group of answer choices: Neuroglia refer to neurons with axons coated in myelin. Which neurons belong to the efferent pathway? GBA variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by 10 times. D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? C. cell body. (b) Ordinary tungsten incandescent lightbulbs used in households are filled with argon gas at about 0.5 atm to retard the sublimation of the tungsten filament. Cerebrospinal is located in the following structures except: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? 11. 25. C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability A) short distance hyperpolarization formation. 79. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. A) mechanically gated channel Distinct reward processing by subregions of the nucleus accumbens A. d. acetylcholine. Which of the following is correct? ANSWER : The neurons are included in the somatic body cells but are. True or False, Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. The reduction - A Mathematical Model of CA1 Hippocampal Neurons with analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions. There are two basic neuron-containing systems: the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the spinal cord and brain, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all other nerve tissues. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. What is the function of upper motor neurons? c. Cerebellum Growth of spiral ganglion neurons induced by graphene oxide/oxidized c. The patient has a low level of transcription factors. What are the functional classifications of neurons? C. Afferent. The _________________ facilitates balance and the timing of movements. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe's communications systems? a. Be a. sodium b. chloride c. calcium d. potassium, A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is call a(n) _____. c. Autonomic Nervous System Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons a c. occipital lobe. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? C) depolarization b. astrocytes respond to injury. High metabolic rate. a. corpus callosum. d. The cerebral cortex is found on the surface of the brain. a. Mitochondria in a neuron would no longer function. B) afferent neuron b. cerebellum. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). a. Somatic Nervous System Polygenic inheritance is the inheritance of traits that are influenced by multiple genes. Substratum preferences of motor and sensory neurons in postnatal and True or False, The autonomic nervous system is under voluntary control; whereas, the somatic nervous system is involuntary. Estimate the number of moles of Ar in a typical lightbulb. Which of the following is not a function of neurons? - Toppr Ask A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. d. Autonomic Nervous System, 21. B) amino acid 23. Free Flashcards about ap chap 11 - StudyStack C) neurotransmitter Which of the following are afferent neurons, relative to the central nervous system? Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. 1. A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract Neurons differ in their morphology and function. What is the long outgrowth of a neuron along which electrical impulses are transmitted? 60. A) axon c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. C) calcium Melatonin is released from the: A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. b. smooth muscle cells are uninucleated. The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. In this issue, Zhao et al. Motor neurons transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). d. None of these are correct. Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? b. Epigenetics Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? Which of the following is a factor that determines the rate of impulse propagation, or conduction velocity, along an axon? If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: C) Sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes. The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. Which of the following cells are not found in a connective tissue? Which is not characteristic of neurons a high mitotic - Course Hero a. reference memory. c. in the synapse. C) serotonin A) astrocytes The midbrain contains the: D) size of action potentials, Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. It is shown that localized co-injection of lidocaine derivative QX-314 and receptor agonists is able to block cold sensitivity in mice in a targeted way, with implications for treating cold pain associated with injury and disease. A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. c. Motor neurons. a. neuromuscular junction. a. M4 a. alertness. B) analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions C) frequency of action potentials 1.Sensory. The axon c. The dendrites d. The Nissl bodies. a. interneuron. 76. Solved Which of the following is NOT true about neuroglia - Chegg An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. likely acting upon? c. M2 microglial cells Why? The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. c. olfactory information. A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely: 7. A) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. Nanoscale integrated circuit technologies have become popular for designing and implementing biologically inspired pulse-based brain systems [1].These advanced Nanoscale devices are implemented in specific defined models of neuronal recording [[2], [3], [4]].Especiallyto replace a dead neuron system with an artificial neuron system to activate the paralyzed body parts. B) They can form on receptor endings. a. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. Although neurologic recovery is complete, amnesia for the event persists. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? b. polymorphism. If physicians found that inflammation had caused damage to the blood-brain barrier, which Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?